Noodle Express Business Proposal Essay

1. Overview of the Business Noodle Express is a noodle shop that offers Healthy Noodles. All the ingredients are prepared fresh and ready to cook. The noodles contain protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The way we prepare the noodles is different from the usual way on how it is prepared here in the Philippines. The idea of this is originated from a noodle shop in Thailand. We serve noodles on the spot while the customers observe and wait for the food they have ordered to be served. The noodles are served fresh and hot to the customers immediately. We don’t use preservatives but we use fresh ingredients in making it. The business follows the Thai vendor that is used in selling noodles to the people. They use mobile stalls to wheel their locations every day. Noodle Express goes to the customers and not them to come to us. We make and serve the noodles as they wait. 2. Target Market Our target market is the people living in small areas. One of the basic needs of a person is food. We cater noodles to the people in any places particularly the low class. Mobile stalls are used to sell noodles to the consumers. Instead of people going to shop to eat, we use mobile stalls for us to go to them. The advantage of our business is that we let customer chose the flavor they want. In Thailand, most of the noodles they are selling are spicy while here in the Philippines, people want a different taste. The noodles benefits for all because it is not only healthy but also affordable and cheap as well. 3. SWOT analysis Strength Why do we consider Noodle Express a healthy business? All the ingredients are fresh and natural. It contains Carbohydrates (noodle), proteins, (meat), vitamins and minerals (vegetables). It is affordable and is beneficial to all especially when our target market is the low class. The noodles contain fresh ingredients and are not preservatives. Weakness Opportunities One of the advantages is that noodles are easy to sell. It is affordable for all. Customers can pick the flavors they use by adding sugar, vinegar or even spices on their noodles. Since Noodle Express uses mobile stalls as vendors, the business can easily go to different locations to sell the noodles to other consumers. It is not just the mobile stalls but the business also puts up a shop for people to come and eat. Threats 4. Conclusions and Recommendations Our business is affordable, cheap and the best thing of all, healthy. People can afford it since we offer a cheap price for them to buy. Noodle Express is a successful business since it is beneficial for all. We go to the customers and they go to us. Not only that it is fresh, but it is also a healthy food that people could eat. Noodles are healthy especially when the ingredients include more fresh veggies.

Behavioural Issues Within Budgeting Essay

Objectives of Budgeting Through budgeting organisations can provide information for strategic planning and control, these are the two main objectives of the budgetary control system. Management and management accountants must work together and operate a system that achieves these objectives, they do so through a system called variance analysis. Management accountants compare the actual results against the budgets; they then send reports to the management concerning the extent to which budgets are being met. Management can then control activities by making possible steps to stop situations where the budget is being ignored or overlooked. To meet their controlling and planning needs, management and management accountants adapt the feedback and feed-forward principles (types of controls). As well as feedback, budgetary systems consist of feed-forward controls, where expected outcomes can be compared with desired outcomes. A recent report Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦feedforward control consists of a prediction being made of anticipated future outputs. If the expected outputs differ from what outputs are desired, control actions are implemented to minimise these differences. Control is therefore, achieved, if the control actions are effective, before any deviation from the objective output occurs†. Feedback is the detection of a deviation between actual results and an objective; normally this is carried out after the event and is essentially error based. Research has shown that up to date, accurate feedback has a motivational effect, delay and inaccurate data are demotive. Most organisations adopt th ese controls, as they are effective and aid the pursuit of a budgetary control system. Target setting is another objective of budgeting and may possibly have motivational benefits. Setting targets that are realistic and clearly stated will encourage employees to make more effort to achieve it than they might otherwise do. However, the motivational effect of budgetary control is far from clear, as we shall see later in this report. In addition, there is no  point in having targets and controls if they are kept a secret. Through communication, organisations can enhance the level of information that flows from top management to employees (subordinates). These are just some of the arguments for budgeting. The rest of this report will concentrate on the behavioural issues in a budgetary control system. Behavioural Considerations When drafting and planning a budgeting system there are behavioural issues to consider as budgets can have implications for human behaviour and, budgeting can have harmful side effects on performance. There is a danger that employees will concentrate solely on the objectives set by the budget, regardless of whether or not it is organizationally desirable. This means that individuals would set out to exploit the rules of the budgetary control system to boost their individual performance, ignoring other areas not monitored by the control system. Drury (2000, p.600) found that â€Å"†¦actual behaviour may be modified so that desired results appear to be obtained, although they may have been achieved in an undesirable manner which is detrimental to the firm†. In addition, budgets may give management a means of judging the performance of their teams. It’s assumed that, the setting of performance measures should complement the setting of new strategies and objectives and the implementation of action plans for the organisation. However, that adherence to the budget alone cannot measure all aspects of a manager’s performance. Therefore, it is important that managers achieve their targets frequently enough to give positive feedback in their efforts. Another behavioural aspect to consider when introducing a budgetary control system is the controls set by the new system, as these may cause negative attitudes. A potential cause of negative attitudes is the way a control is applied, if targets are considered unachievable and applied too rigorously, they may cause negative attitudes. This may also lead to harmful side effects such as the lack of goal congruence and organisational performance. However, if care is taken in designing the control system negative attitudes may be avoided. Drury (2000, p.601) makes a similar argument, â€Å"The way that  a control system is applied can be just as important as the design issues in determining the success of a control system†. Importance of Behavioural Considerations in the Budgetary Process Participation Interaction of managers and employees or budgetees to the targets that are incorporated in their budgets is known as participation. Tayles (1998) suggests that, â€Å"†¦participation in the budget process and discussion over how results are to be measured has benefits in terms of budget attitude and performance of the budgetee†. This would be of an advantage to an organisation as employees would be more receptive of the targets and more committed to achieving them. In addition, the levels of staff morale would be greater than before. Participation can also improve communications and tends to improve the degree to which budgets are met. For example, participation creates a common understanding of the organisations objectives and makes achieving goals more likely. Communication Communication is a necessary activity in all factors of management and can be broadly defined as an exchange of information to bring about a mutual understanding between two parties. Welsch (1988) Defining or clarifying the lines of communication within an organisation can be a powerful aid in the construction of the budget. Communication can have an important part to play in the budgets objectives, targets and responsibilities throughout the organisation. Carried out properly, this can have considerable benefits in promoting co-operation at all levels. Therefore, in order for an organisation to wok effectively there must be lines of communication so that all parts can de kept fully informed of the part they are expected to play in achieving the budget. This aspect can have important behavioural implications throughout an organisation as the attitude of the person who receives the communication may be affected. Motivation By setting challenging but realistic targets, well-designed budgets can play a significant part in motivating managers and employees to perform in line with the organisational objectives. The targets must be clear and achievable, and the manager should participate in setting his or her own budget, as it is more likely to be acknowledged. Generally, it’s believed for budgets to motivate, higher objectives should be set. The levels of expected performance that are set influence the motivation of managers responsible for target achievement. If levels are set too high, then there is a strong disincentive to management involvement in the budgetary process, and a low level of motivation. It levels are set too low, then managers can achieve targets easily despite inefficiencies. This is known as budgetary slack. Setting appropriate levels of attainment in budgets is a complex and difficult activity with an important behavioural dimension. Therefore, it can be said that motivation is a process of arousing and sustaining goal-directed behaviour induced by the expectation of satisfying individual needs. Goal Congruence Goal congruence means that as people work to achieve their own goals, they also work to achieve the goals of the organisation. Nevertheless, there is a danger that employees will concentrate only on what is been monitored, leading to a lack of goal congruence. Focused on preventing this undesirable behaviour and encouraging goal congruence is controls, for example, action or behavioural controls. Action or behavioural controls involves managers watching employees as they go about there work and if the managers know what actions are desirable (or undesirable) the desired outcomes will come about. Performance measures may be used as a good indicator of what is desirable to achieve an organisations goals and some measure may encourage goal congruence or organisationally desirable behaviour. For this to be effective management must also ensure  that desired actions are taken. Goal Definition A further use of budgets is as a basis for setting performance standards and rewards, for example, bonus, status or enhanced promotion prospects are often linked to budget attainment. This may be defined as a process theory of motivation that focuses on the process of setting goals, Emmanual (1992). It is argued that the natural human preference to set and strive for these goals is useful only if the individual both understands and accepts a particular goal. Therefore fundamental to goal attainment is: *an understanding and acceptance of a particular goal (goal congruence) *skills to achieve the goal *confidence that they have the skills to achieve the goal *a reasonable expectation of achieving that goal People work more efficiently when they have goals and targets. Therefore, if the targets are agreed and accepted by individuals, they should achieve goal congruence and motivation. Conclusion It will be apparent from this report that budgets serve various purposes and in some cases, these purposes can be in conflict and have a consequent effect on management and employee behaviour. Nevertheless, if controls are put in place that focuses on preventing undesirable behaviour, employees of an organisation would be discouraged from taking part in such actions. Budgets serve as a means of forecasting, planning, control and a channel of  communication and motivation. But, a good budgetary system should be designed to: *meet the objectives regarded as most important by senior management *provide information which is useful in meeting those objectives *Reduce the risk of unintended and undesirable behaviours. REFERENCES Drury, C. (2000) Management & Cost Accounting, 5th edition, Thomson Learning Emmanual, C. Otley, D. Merchant, K. (1992) Readings in Accounting for Management Control, Chapman & Hall Tayles, M. (01 Dec 1998) budgetary control – the organisational aspects Available at: www.acca.com [Accessed 7 April 2002] Welsch, G.A. Hilton, R.W. Gordon, P.N. (1988) Budgeting – Profit Planning and Control, 5th edition, Prentice Hall

Big Skinny Essay

Big Skinny wallets are water resistant and tough enough to machine-wash regularly. k. â€Å"Thinnest Wallet Ever† great marketing scheme 13. Core Weaknesses l. They won’t appeal to luxury customers because they are made of nylon instead of leather which is seen as a luxury material people may not be inclined to invest in a wallet that lacks the stylish approachm. â€Å"Thinnest Wallet Ever† could create competition of other wallet distributors to create thinner wallets and have Big Skinny constantly competing for the title c. Product Development Analysis vi. Made from a durable, water-resistant nylon micro-fiber 10 times thinner and lighter than leather yet just as durable. vii. â€Å"World’s Thinnest Wallet† viii. Thinner due to unique designs such as our Super Skinny wallet or sport wallet. Or our very unique leather nylon wallet hybrid series. ix. Wallets are small, lightweight, and often in need of replacement; hence, wallets are natural impulse purchases, often bought as gifts. x. the slimmest and most durable microfiber materials he could find, Kiril eventually developed a proprietary material tough enough to be machine-washablexi. The Big Skinny material was . 21mm thick—thinner than a normal business card and about one-eighth as thick as regular leather2. Problem Decisional Statement d. How should Big Skinny attract visitors to its site and how should Big Skinny convince those site visitors to buy wallet? 3. Heuristic Frames e. Continue business as usual f. Expand social networking marketing plan on Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr, etc. g. Partner with larger social network sites for sponsorship and ads. Blogs, video sites, etc. h. Expand to larger retail stores putting wallets in stores building name and prestige and offering the online service as an alternative choice i. Invest in Infomercials to expand online appeal andpopularity j. Partnering with another brand such as (Ralph Lauren, Gucci, Nautica) making big skinny style wallets k. Sell the business l. Billboard marketing of the website m. In addition to the website branch onto online shopping retailer sites like Amazon, Ebay, etc. n. Have a celebrity endorse or sponsor the wallets. o. Have a larger business or retailer exclusively sale the wallets as a specific brand4. Issue Analysis p. K xii. Pros 14. Having more in house products in other stores can allow for more marketing possibilities as well especially online 15. Turn the brand into a household name, eventually people will branch from buying them in stores and instead only buy from online shops 16. Turning the business into a more so manufacturer instead of a direct manufacturer to consumer business could helpxiii. Cons 17. Adds to cost and expenses for shipping to retail shops 18. A somewhat gamble to take it from the â€Å"fair market† especially given its limited popularity 19. Doesn’t allow for individuality much and creates middle men. 5. Recommendation q. Recommend selling the wallets exclusively through a major retailer because it could expand the brand and putting the website out there. Even the holiday season maybe have deals or holiday style advertising. Having it in larger retail stores such as Target or Wal-Mart and putting them every store across the country expands name and business and could create more online traffic. To add to the existing. Could build the name and prestige to the company. Having it as an exclusive product could open opportunities to later expand it to other stores as well. Have Wal-Mart brand exclusive Big Skinny Wallets. Similar to how the iPhone was exclusively sold by AT&T and how the Apple products for some time were exclusively sold through Apple and now they are being sold at more retailers. Exclusive sales of Big Skinny wallets can increase online traffic maybe even selling a unique brand of wallets only from the company website. Offer exclusive deals.

GENSTAT Linear Statistical Modelling Math Problem

GENSTAT Linear Statistical Modelling - Math Problem Example The histogram for the folate levels appears also to satisfy the assumption of normality. However, the variances for the three groups do not satisfy the assumption of homogeneity. The variance of Group I is very large compared to the variances of Group II and III. (c) Regardless of what you concluded about the assumptions for analysis of variance, use the GENSTAT analysis of variance commands to test the hypothesis that ventilation treatment has no effect on mean red cell folate level. Include appropriate GENSTAT printout to support your conclusions. ***** Analysis of variance ***** Variate: folate Source of variation d.f. s.s. m.s. v.r. F pr. ventil 2 15516. 7758. 3.71 0.044 Residual 19 39716. 2090. Total 21 55232. ***** Tables of means ***** Variate: folate Grand mean 283.2 ventil I II III 316.6 256.4 278.0 rep. 8 9 5 *** Standard errors of differences of means *** Table ventil rep. unequal d.f. 19 s.e.d. 28.92X min.rep 25.50 max-min 21.55X max.rep (No comparisons in categories where s.e.d. marked with an X) The results of ANOVA test show that there is a significant difference between the three groups. Ventilation has an effect on mean red cell folate levels. Furthermore, the probability of F was 0.044, which is less than the alpha level, 0.05. (d) (e) Produce appropriate residual plots to check further the appropriateness of the analysis of variance model. Comment, in the light of these plots, on the adequacy of the model. ANSWER: The histogram...The measures were independent of the researcher's judgment. The histogram for the folate levels appears also to satisfy the assumption of normality. However, the variances for the three groups do not satisfy the assumption of homogeneity. The variance of Group I is very large compared to the variances of Group II and III. (c) Regardless of what you concluded about the assumptions for analysis of variance, use the GENSTAT analysis of variance commands to test the hypothesis that ventilation treatment has no effect on mean red cell folate level. Include appropriate GENSTAT printout to support your conclusions. The results of ANOVA test show that there is a significant difference between the three groups. Ventilation has an effect on mean red cell folate levels. Furthermore, the probability of F was 0.044, which is less than the alpha level, 0.05. The histogram shows that the residuals are not normally distributed. Also, the normal plot shows that the residuals do not fit a straight line. In the light of these observations, it can be said the model is not adequate. The assumptions for the use ANOVA are violated. The model included only 4 of the original 9 variables. It discarded the other 5 explanatory variables. With these 4 variables, the equation can account for the observed data. This is shown by the fact that the mean of the residuals for the model is 0.

World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

World Religions - Essay Example Swami Vivekananda was a very charismatic representative for Hinduism in America. Even though he died only a few years after first coming to America, he was able to establish many societies dedicated to Advaita Vedanta, which is based on the teachings of Ramakrishna, an Indian saint. These various societies developed into several formal movements including the Self-realization Fellowship and the International Society for Krishna Consciousness, more commonly known as the "Hare Krishnas". As immigration from India has increased over the years, Hindu temples have added to the varied architectural landscape of America. These temples are constructed in the style of temples from northern and southern India. They are blessed by Hindu priests and offer a safe have for believers to escape the materialistic impulses that rule so much of American life. Hindu temples stand as a symbol of cultural acceptance and tolerance, adding to the cultural mosaic that makes up America. Orthodox Hindus, those conducting serious investigations of the Hindu religion with an eye on converting, as well as the simply curious are all welcome to visit the temple. This reality shows that in some ways, Hinduism and American culture are a good fit. Hinduisms tolerance for other religions has also affected culture in America. Aside from influencing authors and artists, Adivaita Vedantas universalism has affected certain liberal leaning Christian churches. The "New Age " movement also can link directly to the tenets of Hinduism in regards to acceptance of other religious beliefs, the belief in a plurality of paths to enlightenment and a commitment to non-violence and pacifism. While Hinduism has not grown to be a major religion in America in numbers of actual adherents, it has nonetheless had substantial influence. From art to architecture to the melding of

Position Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Position Paper - Essay Example FedEx is currently amongst the top courier service providers of the world and is growing in terms of revenue generation, market share and penetration in new markets. However there are possible chances of slowing the success path of FedEx. As FedEx is too much dependent upon US market so therefore chances of slowing down is possible moreover the current situation of the world is one another reason to add in this regard. Similarly besides these issues the company has very much scope in terms of generating more income by expanding and reaching new markets. One possible opportunity is in the Asian market. As currently many Asian countries are growing. So they rely too much on imports and exports therefore FedEx has a great opportunity in reaching and capturing those markets by using experience and brand name. Another important development in terms of revenue generation is online shopping. If FedEx is likely to hold its growth online shopping should be dealt with utter care. New plans should be formulated, techniques should be devised as online shopping is likely to change shopping trends in most of the developing countries. Different schemes should be launched so that masses can be attracted. Furthermore the role of competitors new and old will always be a threat for FedEx. In most cases new companies have nothing to lose so they usually lower their price in order to gain market share. Therefore FedEx should try to offer competing prices in order to wipe out these companies from challenging FedEx. This can be done with ease as FedEx has enough revenue to hold market and to lower prices as well. The future of FedEx is split between opportunities and threats. Therefore the role of management will be crucial because proper planning can give FedEx billions and one wrong step can lead them towards catastrophic

The evolution of writing and reading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The evolution of writing and reading - Essay Example The earliest form it was developed out of pictographic symbols of objects, which we call pictographic writing. These Egyptians and Mesopotamians pictograms were just mere representations of the objects drawn, reading these symbols was only recognizing the representations of the objects. However, pictographic writing was independently developed in China during 1500 B.C. Later on, this form of writing slowly developed into ideograms (Gaur 16). Ideographic writing system is more of an abstract representation rather than a clear picture of objects. Unlike the earlier system, pictogram, ideograms represented images that had conventional meanings (Daniels and Bright 12). For instance, with the pictographic system, a picture of a star meant a star in the sky while in the ideographic system, a picture of a starry sky meant darkness because stars were normally seen at night. This development in the history of writing could be taken as an improvement in the development of the human intellect. When our ancestors invented writing, it was only a mere representation of objects but since the emergence of the ideographic writing system, they began thinking beyond what they saw. The earliest development of ideograms was in the East during the Bronze Age between 2500 B.C. and the first century B.C. During this development, experts found out that unlike the earlier form pictogram when our ancestors used their hands to draw symbols, they began using a wedged-shaped object in imprinting their writings in soft clay tablets (Daniels and Bright 15). In regards to the development of the human intellect that was shown through the emergence of ideographic writing that housed objects' abstract meaning, the use of a stylus was another notch higher than the earlier â€Å"handprint† style. This innovation showed progress in terms of how our ancestors before wanted to leave a more concrete proof of development in writing. â€Å"Sacred writing† or better known as the Egyptian hie roglyphic was the combination of the two earlier writing systems plus their sounds. Looking at in from today, the chronological order of our progress in writing seemed to be a systematic process of the development in the human brain. We may ask the reason behind it being not in a different order. Is this a natural way of development, considering that we, of course, learned sounds first before images? According to archeologists, anthropologists and other scientists, images were easier to express in writing than sounds even if oral communication was a natural instinct (Stuart 33). Another development in writing is logogram, which is the further progress towards figures. This form's graphemes represented words and was best known from the Japanese and Chinese systems. If we notice, this system is more complex than the other earlier forms of writing, which means that the human intellect again, indeed progressed. The emergence of the logogram can be seen as the basis of the modern alphabe t that we use today. How it has Changed? The emergence of technology surely made a big difference in our ways. Machines, automobiles, washing machines, computers, and the likes, seriously made a big impact in changing the lives of the people enslaved to them. The electronic mail or better known as email for instance, sends mails to other people across the globe in a snap. Unlike before, after the alphabet was invented, we used to write in scrolls and

Photographers of the Mixed Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Photographers of the Mixed Media - Essay Example It can be stated, however, that the main genre of her photos, produced with a means of combined media, is a child’s portrait. Many researchers insist on rich theoretical and practical backgrounds of her production, widely ranged from Renaissance (Bronzino), Baroque (Velasquez), Romanticism (Ruge and Friedrich) to Victorian (Carroll) sources of her works. After the brief introduction into her working methodologies and using of mixed media (i.e. combination of painting, analogue photo, and digital manipulation), we need to discuss them on a more solid basis, long before the discussion of how this influenced her work in terms of narrative and perception. ... Then, as it were mentioned constantly by the researchers, she used to exploit in her works a combination of painting, analogue photo techniques, and digital manipulation.  «In fact, Ms. Lux has carefully costumed and photographed her subjects and, after scanning the image, dropped the figures into a separately scanned background often taken from one of her paintings ». (Tully, 2005) So, Lux used analogue technoque firstly, and, getting the figures, dropped them into a seprately scanned background secondly, (i.e. digital manipulation) which is taken from her own paintings. Specifically, her paintings and analogue photos become the main sources for an appropriation, gitting scanned and ultimately combined with a means of Photoshop (for example,  «... Levels control to give the children and their settings a distinctive pallor). (Woodward, 2004) Ultimately, from a point of narration and perception, it should be stated that works of Loretta Lux are organized very well in a classic m anner. Using many old masters as her citation field, she managed to create an atmosphere of mystery. Being mediated by a wide range of techniques, both analogue and digital, and assisted by using of mixed media, her surrealistic children sitting on a sofa of eternity provoke a reader to find an answer to a riddle of absolute in a broad set of interpretations. Paul Shambroom Describing the working methodologies of given photographers, we must begin from the biographical details, then going to a discussion of the chosen formats – analogue, digital or both. Afterwards, are to give our explanations on how this has influenced the works in terms of narrative and perception. Primarily,

Refrigerator, how does it work Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Refrigerator, how does it work - Research Paper Example This paper keenly discusses how refrigerator works as well as its history and associated design processes. Before the invention of the modern refrigerator, individuals used ice or snow to cool their food. One of the most known pioneers of the modern refrigerator was William Cullen. In 1748, Cullen invented the first refrigeration at the Glasgow University. Similarly, Oliver Evans, a renowned American inventor also contributed in the development of the refrigeration by inventing the vapor-compression refrigeration that was mostly used in 1805. The aim of this machine was to remove heat from substances by the process of recycling vaporized refrigerant. Another contributor in the early development of refrigerator was Jacob Evans. Through the use of vapor-compression, Evans invented the first refrigerator after making various improvements on Oliver designs. As the demand for the refrigeration increased, various scientists and doctors introduced other aspects that were focused at improvin g the refrigeration process. In 1913, Fred Wolf, introduced the refrigerators that were used in homes. This was followed by the introduction of a refrigeration unit in 1914 by Nathaniel, a well known engineer who was based in Michigan. In 1927, a refrigerator by the name Monitor-Top was introduced. Based on its improved design and effectiveness in storing food, Monitor-Top attracted high demand especially in US market. The technical improvements that occurred in refrigeration after the World War II led to the development of more efficient refrigerators in 1960s and 1970s. As the technology improves, modern refrigerators that stores food for a longer time have been introduced in the market. Another definition of refrigeration is cooling an item to a particular temperature that is usually lower that the room temperature where the refrigerator is situated. Apart from making the stored items cooler, refrigerator helps in halting the process of decaying that may take process due to chemi cal process (Balmer, 2011). In the modern societies, refrigerators are used in various ways. One of the most significant uses of refrigerators is storage. As mentioned earlier, before the invention of refrigeration food was stored under water. Even though this was effective method of storage, the lifespan of the food was not for a long time. After the invention of the refrigerator, it was possible to lower the temperatures such that food could be stored for a longer time. Another use of refrigerator is to think ahead. For example, in the modern times cooks and manufacturers can prepare food and store for later consumption. In the early times, food storage was a notable problem. Family meals can now be prepared when the prices of raw materials are low thus reducing the costs of preparing the food. Refrigerators are also used in transportation. Before the introduction of refrigerators, it was difficult to transport perishable products from one location to another. It was after the int roduction of the refrigerators that food could be stored in a cool place during the transit. Improved quality is another merit that was experienced after the invention of refrigerators. It is imperative to note that before the introduction of the refrigerators, quality food was produced only during specific times of the year for example when the temperatures were low. In

Cinematography in Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo Essay

Cinematography in Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo - Essay Example a kind of a disabling sensation which describes people’s feeling that they (and the world around them) are in the state of constant movement, so is the cinematography of the film (â€Å"Vertigo†, A Dictionary of Nursing). Carefully sequenced and innovative shots, elaborate camera movement, effective use of light and color, as well as other cinematographic tools all contribute to the fact Vertigo’s cinematography ideally fits in the overall vision of the film and effectively serves to create the intended feeling in the audience, namely that of horror. At the same time, the cinematography in Vertigo helps to create hidden meanings and set the story’s tone and mood. My goal in this paper is to discuss how cinematography is used in Vertigo and how exactly it effect contributes to the story unfolding. In particular, I will focus on the film’s techniques of lightning, color, matte shooting, and camera movement used in order to manipulate the audience†™s opinion and produce the scaring effect. First though, I will explore the meaning of cinematography and provide a necessary theoretical background to the research. Cinematography as an Art of Creating Films While cinematography is usually understood in terms of its technical, photographic value for the ‘big picture’ of the film, it is certainly an art. Specifically, the following definition by the American Society of Cinematographers seems appropriate: â€Å"Cinematography is the art and craft of the authorship of visual images for the cinema extending from conception and pre-production through post-production to the ultimate presentation of these images.† (â€Å"Cinematography†, Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers) ... aphy†, Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers) Explaining the vision of cinematography, the author of this definition further states that cinematography is about the effective use of photography in a film subject to a variety of organizational, interpretive, physical, image manipulating, and managerial techniques (â€Å"Cinematography†, Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers). Hence, cinematography is a process both creative and interpretative which results in an authorship of a unique work contrary to mere recording of a given event. Similar understanding of cinematography is expressed by Brown in his recent book Cinematography: Theory and Practice: Image Making for Cinematographers and Directors. Brown links the concept to the literal meaning of the term â€Å"cinematography† based on the Greek root translated as â€Å"writing with motion† (Brown 2). For Brown, cinematography is about creating an original visual world through the use of a cinematic technique. In particular, he explains that at the heart of cinematography is shooting. Yet, cinematography is more than this. It should be seen as â€Å"a process of taking ideas, words, actions, emotional subtext, tone, and all other forms of nonverbal communication and rendering them in visual terms.† (Brown 2). Technically, cinematography is based on photography of moving images while the motion picture is being made. Konigsberg in The Complete Film Dictionary says it is about the use of camera angles, movement, and distance, lightning, color, etc (â€Å"Cinematography†, Internet Encyclopedia of Cinematographers). Brown, in his turn, identifies the following tools of cinematography: the frame, the lens, light and color, the texture, movement, establishing, and point of view (Brown 4-10). Respectively, a variety of

Safety Supervisors in the work place Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Safety Supervisors in the work place - Essay Example Most of the accidents caused are directly related to unsafe practices and actions taken by people at workplace. In addition, ancestral causes, social environment, unsafe acts and mistakes lead to accidents or injuries at work place. Just by eliminating unsafe worker behaviors, often referred to as risk behaviors and ignorant behaviors, about 90% of the accidents at work place can be effectively prevented (Taylor, Easter & Hegney, 2004). To increase the safety at work place and to encourage behavior based safety, every organization has its own methodology which it follows. Some organizations lay very rigid safety measures to be followed without fail while some offer spot incentives for fun and get the behavior based safety measures maintained to the best. In few organizations, spot warnings are given to employees that commit defects of faulty and unsafe actions; extreme measures such as dismissal letters are also issued to the defaulters. To positively reinforce behavior based safety actions, supervisors incentivize their staff with goodies, applauds, appreciations etc. At an organizational level, such staff members can be rewarded with monetary incentives. As a safety supervisor, it is important to communicate safety methods and practices to all employees and ensure they understand the significance of safety and reasons for implementing such safety measures.

Description of the Activity Essay Example for Free

Description of the Activity Essay The Heijs Group is a Dutch company which is comprised of three independent operating companies. These companies are solely concerned with the supply of poultry meat. At the companies sites at Leek and Haulerwijk, the chickens are slaughtered and processed for both the deep frozen and fresh chicken markets. The third site at Hoogeveen only produces chicken fillets this is also the company which I shall examine. Heijs Food Products BV Heijs Food products BV became a division of the Heijs Group in 1997. It is purely engaged in producing top grade chicken fillets. The breasts are supplied by other production companies in the group. Once on site, the breasts are boned which produces a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet the fillets are specifically cut to size and weight graded. They are mainly supplied to the wholesale trade nationally and abroad. Customers include the manufacturers of ready meals, catering companies and supermarkets. Heijs Food Products BV is a company whose filets chicken and makes the chicken meat ready to sell. Heijs food Products BV main objectives are to stay in the highest market segment so that they only produce high quality food. To achieve this main objective HFP has a number of systems to make sure that the product had the highest possible quality. These systems are called HCCP, IKB, GHP, DRC, ISSO9002, ACP, and BRC will be further explained later in my report. Because a few of these systems Heijs food Products BV may also sell their products to England which is their largest trading country. (BRC, ACP) P2 an description of four functional areas, including human resources, explain how each contributes to the business activity and giving examples of job roles associated with each area Quality Control Research and development The use of new and better machinery contributes with making a high quality product. Quality control makes sure that everything is all right with the food safety and hygiene. The companys policy on quality control will be controlled by special trained employees who have had training in handling with the quality control. Twice a year there is an inspection by the NEN-ISO organisation. This inspection can make a big difference for the company, if the NEN-ISO organisation concludes errors in the working method of production the certificate be put on probation for a period of time to get the entire company on the NEN-ISO standards. They do this by the following seven systems: 1 NEN -EN- ISO 9002 This international standard specifies requirements with regard to quality management. The Heijs Group are accredited with NEN -EN- ISO 9002 The objectives of the standard are: * The Heijs Group is capable of consistently supplying products which fully meet client demands and to a standard which complies with relevant legislation * Improving client satisfaction by using the standard to review and improve processes The standards in general concerns quality systems and documentation, with specific emphasis on the management of responsibility, management of resources, product development, measurement, analysis and improvement. 2 HACCP HACCP is the abbreviation for Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points. This signifies risk analysis and the management of critical points in the production process. The system has been developed as a preventative manner of work in relation to the general quality management exercised over the production of foodstuffs. The HACCP system assesses: a. biological contamination, ex. Pathogenic microbes, toxicants, microbes, yeasts, fungi, parasites b. chemical contamination such as pesticides, antibiotics, disinfection or cleansing agents, heavy metals, lubricants, additives c. Physical contamination: rust, wood chippings, metal splinters, glass, stones, plastic, hairs, construction etc. In order to prevent these dangers, there are strict measures and work agreements included in the HACCP quality system of Heijs Food Productions. 3 DLG Qualità ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ts Prà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½mierung Annually, for a number of years, Heijs Food Productions have been awarded a prize by DLG in Germany for their poultry products. The prize was in recognition for products which achieved a high organoleptic standard of products for consumers. The award considered product appearance, consistency, smell and taste. The judges were an independent panel of competent professionals who have extensive knowledge and experience of poultry products. 4 GHP-code The GHP code has two levels of standard an international standard but there is a second level which the Dutch meat processing industry has added to the standard and which has been adopted across the Country. The objective of the code is for meat processing companies to guarantee hygiene standards and to improve hygiene management. The Heijs Group believe this is a basic production requirement. The GHP code is a production requirement which has been incorporated into the IKB standard. 5 BRC Standard (Technical Standard for companies supplying retailer branded food products) The British Retail Consortium developed a technical standard for food manufacturers who supplied to the retail markets. The standard has now been adopted as a requirement of supply by many reputable internal customers and retail supermarkets. The standard includes, amongst other points: a. the application of a HACCP system b. a documented quality system c. the management of all aspects of production the product, processes and personnel to ensure food safety, quality and legality All Companies in the Heijs Group are approved to the BRC standard. The poultry processing units are approved to the Higher Level of the standard. 6 ACP (Assured Chicken Production Ltd. Poultry Standards) ACP is a full quality programme which is assessed by an independent organisation. The ACP scheme objective is to promote products that are produced to a recognised standard, which is recognised by the consumer to guarantee product safety, quality and in the case of poultry -welfare standards. The main points in the standard covers food safety, traceability, animal welfare, environmental care, and the well being and safety of animals in their rearing environment. The Heijs Group was the first company outside the UK which fully satisfied the ACP requirements. Only those Companies which satisfy the conditions laid out in the standard can apply the ACP logo on their products. ACP is a standard which has now a requirement of many supermarkets. 7 IKB The IKB chicken programme is a method for quality management in poultry production. For example in order to reduce the level of microbiological contamination of all species of salmonella there is total control through out the production chain from breeding to processing. This prevents cross contamination within the Company itself and also between other external sites. The IKB standard has specific standards to be complied with for building construction, company hygiene policies and procedures and processing techniques. Provisions are also made which have led to an improvement in the slaughter of birds which has resulted in an improvement in meat quality. The IKB standard has long been recognised by the Heijs Group as an unconditional requirement for quality chicken production. Production Within Heijs Food Productions the main department is the production part. First they get chicken breast and then the breasts are boned for a better quality cut of fresh chicken fillet, than they cut the fillets specifically to size and weight. The use of new machinery and better production methods also contribute to a better and hygiene of the product. Heijs Food Production must also keep food safety in caution because the customer demands a safe and high quality product. This is ensured by the regulations and the food safety systems which Heijs Food Productions has (Please see P1). The chicken fillets are mainly supplied to customers abroad there two main export countries are Germany and Great-Britain. Exporting there product is a main source of income. The percentage of Export and National sales are as follow: * Export 95% * National Sale 5% The delivery time on Export products are divided into two different areass as you will see below: * Fresh: 10 days (after slaughter) * Frozen: 6 months (after slaughter) Most regular customers are in the following sectors: * Manufacturers of ready meals * Catering companies * Supermarkets. Heijs Food Productions has a minimum standard of 18000 kilos production a day this is 65% of their total production capacity. This means that they are capable of producing a theoretical figure of 27692 kilos daily (depending on demand of the customer and supply by supplier). The function of the production is: * Produce high quality chicken fillets * Bone the chicken breast * Cut the Fillets specifically to size and weight After the production the product is packed either in bags or in boxes The production department contributes to the business in a way of making a high quality product. Without the production department the company would not be able to exist! This department is a crucial part of the Heijs Food Group. Marketing and Sales Within the company of Heijs there has been a separation between marketing and sales. They dont market their product a lot because good chicken fillets promote them self, they promote the company by: trucks with advertisement on it and with the package of the chicken fillets (there is also advertisement on it) Marketing activities: * Showing we have a good product (by showing certificates like ISO * Developing new packaging * Driving with trucks with our message on them On sales there are two persons active: One does all the customer contacts and one makes all the contracts and other documentation Customer contact is extremely important if you trade with other customers for example you must know what is appropriate in the country which you are trading with. The most important tasks of sales are: * Customer Contact * Orders enquiries * Making Special offers * Setting up Customer Contracts The sales department within the Heijs Company is a part which is crucial for the existence of the company. As you will know each department within a company are equally important to the business. They contribute to the existence of the company by doing there part of the business activity. Without the Sales department Heijs Food Products they would not be able to handle customers or wouldnt have customers at all. Administration The task of the administration with Heijs Food Productions is to keep a record of all the personnel like for example: sickness and absence. Also is the administration in charge of the pay wages of the personnel. The administration is set in the front of the building so that they can do the reception as well. The administration is done by one employee this person is hired to do all the administration within Heijs Food Production. Another task of the employee is taking care of all the necessary work at Reception. main activities of the Administration and Reception administration reception Keep record of personnel welcoming the visitors in charge of wages answer telephone calls write emails to customers give through messages Customer registration Financial work The reception connects telephone calls through, and gives through messages. They also reply to customer enquiries and orders. Incoming post is divided by the personal of the Administration. Welcoming visitors and guide them to the meeting or contact the person which is requested. The Administration/reception is an important task it contributes to the business in a way of doing all the administrational work if that is not done the company would not know where it would stand, and if the reception would not answer the telephone calls, and welcome the visitors the company would not make a good impression with potential customers. Human Resources With Heijs Food Production the do not have a big Human resource department. The work that the employees on the human recourse department do with Heijs Food Productions are: * Hire people (application form) * Dismiss people * Keep record of absence * Training Employees Hiring People Most of the employees which work with Heijs Food Productions are hired from a Vacancy office. Almost everybody can work with Heijs food at the production everybody gets a change: If a person is hired tell get a test period and if they pass this period they can otherwise their asked to find another job. For other leading jobs there is a whole other plan: these people must have HBO Diploma and a good Curriculum Vita. Welfare of the employees The welfare of the employees is very important; the human recourse department makes sure that the working conditions are safe and fun to work in. This is very important for the quality of the product because if the employees do not have any fun in their work, the will not do their work with care and the product is from a less quality. There are also a number of rights that all the employees have * To be paid at the agreed time * To me treated fairly * To be provided with a workspace that is healthy and save * To receive appropriate training * Not to be asked to do anything that is dangerous, unethical or illegal There are also a number of Responsibilities that all the employees have * Work conscientiously in accordance with the agreed term of their employment * Maintain standards of quality * Cooperate in trying to achieve the objectives of the business * Follow established procedures * Comply with health and safety regulations P3 A Description of how equal opportunities of employees are safeguarded by legislation How it is arranged with Heijs Food Productions? With Heijs Food Productions all the personnel equally threaten, if you work hard you can also get a promoted to a higher level on the hierarchy. An example of this is a Foreman (which is responsible for managing his area in the company), but if you do not work hard you cannot expect to get a promotion in the company. The company has a very clear policy on equal opportunities who works hard has more changes of promotion. Legislation All the employees with Heijs Food Productions have equal opportunities in the business. This legislation is arranged by law * The equal pay act 1970 (states that women performing comparable to men should me threaten equally including the same rates of payment) * The sex discrimination acts 1975 and 1986 (rule against discrimination on the basis of sex or marital status) * The race relations act 1976 (makes it illegal to discriminate against employees or potential employees on the grounds of race or ethnic grounds) * The disability discrimination act 1995 (Gives additional rights to disabled people and provides for a code of practise aimed at tending discrimination) * The employment rights act 1996 ( confirms the legal rights of employees and covers the contract of employment, payslips and other meteors Works council Act Businesses with more than 50 employees are obliged to found a work council. The work council can give advise on: * Investments * Shrinking, fusions takeovers, expansion * Hiring of advisers The work council can give approval in decisions about: * Rewarding systems Health and safety * Holiday arrangements Work deliberation * Labor arrangements P4 Communications in Business Communications in business are very important without proper communications you cannot work actively. You wouldnt know what your customers demands are and you are not well informed. This is why good communication within business is very important. With Heijs Food Productions there are a few communication types which they use: Intern communications: * Intern telephone (most often used by the management) * Intern E-mail (most often used by the management) * Intercom (used for announcements) * Oral communications (used for communication between employees) Every day there is a short briefing with the managing people, they will discuss what theyll have to do for the day and at what time they will be finished. than theyll give the orders to the employees to make the product the customer has order (for example chicken fillets of 200 gram) External Communications * Telephone ( for customer and suppliers contact) * E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Written Letters E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) * Fax E-mail (customer contact + suppliers) The communications with customers are very important the sales manager calls with the customer at least twice a week. They do this to make sure that the customers is satisfied about the product and for selling more chicken fillets. P5 A Comparison of the organisational structure of your chosen business with a contrasting structure Organisational Structure of Heijs Food Products BV Organisational structure of NSA I have chosen for 2 different kinds of organisational structures: * Line staff organisation (organisational chart) * flat organisational structure (hierarchical structure) Advantages and disadvantages of the hierarchical structure Advantage: * The advantage of a hierarchical structure is that the control of the organisation is kept in the hands of the person at top of the organisation. * Easy to maintain a particular identity or standard of service and quality in a large organisation. * Clear defined chain of commend, which instructions are flowing downward through all employees, and information about performance flowing upwards * Everyone in the organisations knows their role within the organisation. Disadvantage: * No limit to the number of management between the top decision maker and the shop floor or other support staff * Decision making can be slow or delayed as it takes a long time for information to flow upwards, for decisions to be taken at the top and communicated downwards again and implemented by support staff * At each level information and instructions may be interpreted differently so that information passed on, or action taken, may be biased by the attitudes of individual managers. Advantages and disadvantages of a flat structure Advantage: * The flow of information between upper and lower levels is fast this enables quick decision making and a faster response to problems. * With fewer levels of management many managers and operatives feel they have more responsibility for their own work this increases job motivation and satisfaction. Conclusion I could find any disadvantages about a flat structure so my conclusion is that a flat structure is the best one because there are no disadvantages about it (recording to the book)

Becoming A Reflective Supervisor And Counsellor Nursing Essay

Becoming A Reflective Supervisor And Counsellor Nursing Essay This essay is a reflective journey into the process of supervision. What supervision actually entails and how to use the process to begin the life mission of becoming a professional counsellor. What it means to become a truly self-reflective practitioner who is mindful and open to learning about ones self in addition to continuing the process of deepening the theoretical knowledge of which supervision can be ones most useful tool. First and foremost being a student counsellor in the mode of Peron-Centred counselling, the key component would have to relate to first taking a personal journey of discovery through reflection to become aware of self in the process of actualisation. Corey (2009) cites Rogers who believed that people where essentially an expert on their own lives and that if the therapist was to become a conduit for empathy, respect, and authenticity, then they too would benefit from experiencing self through the process of reflection and exploration. Only then could the therapist model the behaviour for which the client could perceive possible for themselves. Corey (2009) also cites Broadley as describing actualizing tendency as a directional process of striving towards realisation, fulfilment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection (p169). For me self-reflection and exploration is the only way to realise self actualisation, for without having an internal conversation how would one expect to g row as an individual let alone as a counsellor. In addition, as a student a vital tool in self-reflection is the process of supervision, through which the sharing of experiences gained through placement can be an opening to not only improving the use of skills, but additionally a tool to develop mindfulness, and self-awareness. Since starting my volunteering I have applied these concepts to the best of my abilities, and through daily reflection I have been able to recognise the learning goals that I would like to focus on during my first placement. When asked to summarise my learning goals I then had to consider theoretically how learning goals can aid the student to not only reflect on their needs and experiences, but also to refine what a professional counsellor requires to develop and progress. Cleak and Wilson (2004) who cite Rogers and Langevin as suggesting that a learning agreement contain elements of being, knowing, doing and thinking in order to make the most of the placement and the supervisory experience. Cleak and Wilson (2004) also suggest that there are seven core learning areas which can be incorporated into the learning contract. Such as, values and ethics, processes combined with skills and relationships, how to use knowledge, self-learning and professional development, understanding the organisational context, awareness of the necessity for research, and finally acknowledging social policy within the placement experience. Learning goals are also important from the supervisors perspective as Brockbank and McGil l (2007) discuss awareness of the supervision relationship can benefit both the supervisee and the supervisor when learning goals are clearly defined and aid supervision to function as a supportive and productive process. This also includes the supervisee being aware of their learning styles for example whether learning has a preference towards perhaps cognitive rather than experiential. I therefore summarise the key learning goals I have identified for my first placement experience as follows. My learning goals begin with honing my use of the core counselling skills of active listening, accurate empathic reflection, authenticity, and presence, through the process of feedback and reflection. Secondly I have identified that I need to work on the appropriate use of rapport and the use of disclosure, through understanding how to establish boundaries and use deflecting techniques when the issue of inappropriate disclosure is exhibited. Third I feel that understanding how the organisatio nal procedures such as keeping confidential client notes functions around my responsibility to upkeep the records to meet my ethical requirements. This is also a process of learning to work within the organisational teams that work in a paradox of isolation and conjunction, to bring together the experience and knowledge of administration, support staff, nurses, other professionals including my department of pastoral care and counselling. Fourth is the learning involved with bringing art and music into the person-centred style of counselling I have been taught to use. This includes bringing in the theoretical knowledge of my supervisors to help facilitate a deeper understanding of combining skills and theories. Finally to bring it all together is the practice and development of self-reflection and self-awareness including being mindful. This final task is probably the most important of all since it requires me to open myself to self-reflection in addition to positive and negative fee dback from my clients, my colleagues, and both of my supervisors. Here is where keeping a personal journal of my inner journey through placement is of vital importance if I am serious about being in the process of self actualising and developing as a professional counsellor. Self reflection is possibly the most important process of awaking awareness and aiding the development of a counsellor who is confident, centred, ethical, and professional. Developing self awareness and mindfulness through self reflection should not be underestimated due to the fact that an open relationship with ones self is conceivably the preeminent way to grow not only as an individual, but also as a counsellor. During my placement as well as for the entirety of my professional life the reflective practices I intend to use include daily self-reflection daily and consciously practicing mindfulness. Germer (2005) suggests being mindful is usually not a common reality in our thinking processes, as being mindful takes practice to comfortably stay present and focused on the mome nt. Mindfulness as Germer reminds us is a Buddhist concept dating back some two thousand years, which Buddhists term sati that translates as awareness, attention and remembering. Germer (2005) also cites Hanh as describing mindfulness as an in the moment awareness of our consciousness processing everything that is happening around us, to us and between us, a being focused on the here and now and totally present. Germer (2005) also suggests that one can learn and develop mindfulness through meditation, relaxation and practice of focusing and clearing ones mind. Through mindfulness the process of self-reflection can truly begin especially with the aid of meditation allowing one to focus on the difference between emotion, thoughts and feelings, as well as perceptions in order to replay experiences and perceive self in action. Fook and Gardner (2007) suggest reflection is a process whereby the student identifies how their sense of self plays out through the window of personal perception s, with particular emphasis on how emotions influence decisions. Realising the difference in how relationships play out against theoretical knowledge, and recognising how self can get in the way, begins the process of being able to differentiate between the needs of the student and the needs of the client. These realisations also contain an understanding that becoming a professional means accepting that often what happens in real life counselling is unpredictable, and that that is okay. In addition to journaling I intend to religiously maintain my daily debriefing with my organisational supervisor to constantly balance my perceptions of client interactions both emotional and intellectual. Furthermore feedback from my clinical supervisor will be essential in determining how to interpret my reflective journal in a process that can focus self actualising. Orchowski, Evangelista, Probst (2010) discuss how supervision can be a process of understanding how reflection can impart an unders tanding to enable a safe client student relationship. In addition self reflection enhances ones ability to activate mindfulness when in session with a client, as well as in the process of supervision. Self awareness, reflection and being mindful are all fundamental thought processes that help guard against unethical decision making, and establish a way of ensuring safety for both the therapist and the client. Orchowski, Evangelista, Probst further discuss how reflection can be part of the contract between supervisor and supervisee bring about an openness to the process of revisiting the client experience for the supervisee, and exploring what came up emotionally for the supervisee. Which brings up the importance of supervision in the reflection process as I have discovered already, without a supervisor to clarify perceptions lack of confidence and inexperience could easily lead to an unproductive negative interpretation. After spending the last eleven weeks as a volunteer and really having begun the process of placement, I can truly see the importance of supervision in the process of reflection. During the time spent within the organisation I have begun the process of building a relationship with my placement supervisor, with whom I confer about my use of skills, how my clients are reacting, in addition to drawing on her wealth of professional knowledge, and her years of client contact and their histories. Each day contains a component where we debrief and self-care around how to maintain boundaries and identify where emotions can blur person perception, particularly considering that when working in aged care where clients often die or experience the process of illness or severe loss. Jochen (2008) talks about how supervisees often begin the learning process of supervision by being wrapped up in the clients story, and emotions. However, as time and self awareness of the process begin a process of understanding and acknowledging that even though the clients story may be as confronting as severe illness which may bring imminent death, the counsellors role is to support and empathise not attach personal meaning to the emotional content being presented. Hawkins and Shohet (2007) discuss that the use of supervision become a fundamental tool that any counsellor or health professional makes use of regularly, to aid in the understanding ones emotional configuration regarding professional progress and maintenance. Hawkins and Shohet also suggest that supervision is a necessity in the helping professions, to ensure client safety is always upheld, through the constant self-reflection that supervision aims to provide the practicing counsellor. Considering that supervision is going to play an important role not only during placement but feasibly for the entirety of my counselling career, it would be prudent to consider what challenges supervision may bring. First and foremost is overcoming the fear of being vulnerable and exposed to criticism, in addition to having personal values and beliefs put under scrutiny, not to mention experiencing another professional judge your ability to effectively master the basic counselling skills, all on top of exposing your self-reflective thoughts and emotions to for all purposes an external voice of conscious. Tjeltveit and Gottlieb (2010) discuss the ethical role vulnerability and resilience play in keeping the therapist safe, in particular the student. Our vulnerabilities can expose themselves in our unconscious reactions through our values, beliefs, cultural identities, even habits and emotions that even with awareness impart unethical decisions or actions. Tjeltveit and Gottlieb go on to argue that resilience is strengthened by the student becoming aware of their vulnerabilities, addressing emotional issues, and becoming open to parts of their personality which could influence unethical decisions. These issues of interpersonal and intrapersonal interactions are so important we can often overlook procedural problems and challenges that can also occur that could in fact hinder completion of the placement in academic terms. For example I discovered that my placement supervisor would not meet the clinical requirements that ACAP (2010) base their requirements upon. Acap (2010) have recommended that if a student wishes to be able to join The Counselling and Psychotherapists Association of NSW Inc [CAPA] (2009) one must have clinical supervision that complies with CAPAs training standards, which state that the clinical supervisor must have completed at least seven hundred and fifty hours of personal supervision post training. In addition they must also meet the Psychot herapy Counselling Federation of Australia [PACFA] (2009) requirements stated in article 4.3.1, that a supervisors credentials are to be of a level beyond basic counselling and include eligibility to be a clinical member of a counselling association for at least three years (p7). Therefore after having succeeded in acquiring a clinical supervisor I now have to apply the above mentioned challenges in two different scenarios, with two different people, in two different organisations. To conclude I believe the importance of self-reflection cannot be expressed too often, to widely, or too deeply. The concept of supervision

A Marketing Research Project on Pepsi

A Marketing Research Project on Pepsi Pepsi Cola was first made in the 1893 by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. Initially Pepsi was introduced as Brads Drink by Bradham in 1898 and was made at Brahams pharmacy where the drink was also sold. Later, Bradham changed its named to Pepsi Cola, due to the enzyme pepsin and kola nuts used in the recipe. In 1903 Pepsi-Cola was officially registered with the U.S. Patent Office. Today Pepsi Cola is manufactured by PepsiCo. PepsiCo is a world leader in convenient snacks, foods and beverages. Currently PepsiCo is the number 2 manufacturer in soft drinks behind Coca Cola, number one in snacks and number one in juices. PepsiCo has revenues of $40 billion a year with beverages contributing to less than 50% of that revenue. Market Segmentation Early in its history, Pepsi understood market segmentation and the importance of having consumers to advertise to that arent locked into a specific product yet. Pepsi realized in the 1940s that African Americans were an untapped  niche market. At the time Pepsi was able to gain market share by targeting and advertising towards African Americans which they have continued to do. Today Pepsi markets its product to younger people. The idea behind marketing towards younger people is to lock them into their product throughout their life. Pepsi realizes that their beverages will continued to be bought by customers as they get older so they are trying to build a strong customer base by marketing to 14-30 year old males and females. Pepsi markets to all social backgrounds of all educational and occupational backgrounds. Pepsi customers are loyal to their products as they can easily switch to an alternative beverage and these customers are both aware and interested in the products Pepsi has to offer. Market Size/Characteristics The market size of the soft drink industry has been changing. It decreased in early 2000s, and is now increasing into the 2010s. The market has shown an increase in both sports and energy drinks. Currently, the total market value of soft drinks in the United States is $60 billion. As of 2009, Pepsi-Cola had sales of $18 billion trailing only behind Coca Cola in the United States. Soft drink consumption has a market share of 46.8% within the non-alcoholic drink industry in the United States where the total market value of soft drinks over $307.2 billion globally. Market Share Data from Beverage Digests 2008 report on  Carbonated Soft Drinks has shown that PepsiCos U.S. market share is 31 percent while rival Coca-Cola Companys is nearly 45 percent percent. Overall, Coca-Cola outsells Pepsi in almost all areas of the world, few exceptions. Below is a graphical representation of United States soft drink market share from 2008. pepsico.com Brand Product Attributes From the Pepsi Cola website they explain how with all of the different Pepsi products available that there is something for everyone. Pepsis brands are very popular not only in the United States, but all over the world and are enjoyed by everyone. The product Pepsi offers from its colas are sweet, delicious, less carbonated than its rival Coca Colas. Pepsis Mountain Dew product is even less carbonated than its Colas and is of very sweet tasting, marketed towards the younger populations. The Gatorade products Pepsi manufacturers are global leaders in sports drinks and provide a delicious tasting beverage with a lot of electrolytes for athletes losing fluids in a hard workout or a competition. The teas and waters manufactured by Pepsi are refreshing and a tasty alternative to the carbonated beverages. Product Mix The product mix of Pepsi is one which is very wide and very deep. The width of Pepsi products come from all of the different types of products Pepsi sells which include carbonated soft drinks, waters, energy drinks, teas, juices, ready to drink coffees, and sports drinks. The depth of Pepsi Cola comes from the numerous Pepsi brands in each type of product. Pepsi has big brands in each product category. Some of the large brands in each category include: Carbonated Soft Drinks Pepsi, Mountain Dew, Sierra Mist Waters Aquafina, Sobe Energy Drinks Amp, No Fear Teas Lipton Brisk, Iced Tea Juice Drinks Dole, Ocean Spray Dairy-Based Drinks Sobe Ready to Drink Coffees Starbucks Sports Drinks Gatorade, G2 Pepsi-Cola is leading selling beverage for Pepsi in North America and the world. Mountain Dew contributes greatly to Pepsis sales and has a large presence in the North American soft drink market. Below is a graphical representation of the Pepsi-Cola North American Product Mix. pepsico.com Product Strategy The strategy of Pepsi can be taken right from a quote off of the Pepsi website which reads: Pepsi is constantly on the lookout for ways to ensure their consumers get the products they want, when they want them and where they want them. From this quote one can easily recognize that it is important to Pepsi to produce good tasting products that are distributed all over and easy to purchase. Pepsi and its products can be seen everywhere and this is important to them as they have so many different products. Pepsi has products that are alternatives for each other and this allows them to have such a great presence in the soft drink market and have large percentages in the market share. Product Life Cycle Product life cycle is the stages a product goes through from its introduction, to growth, its maturity, and then its decline. The Pepsi Company, although it has a lot of mature product in its colas and other soft drinks, it still has some growth. A lot of the growth of Pepsi is due to the newly popular energy drinks which it produces and the sports drinks. The new products Pepsi is producing each year give me reason to believe it is not quite at maturity, but is at the top of the grown stage in its product life cycle. This diagram helps illustrate where Pepsi currently is in its life cycle. Product Development and Innovation The Pepsi Company website writes, The Pepsi Company continues to innovate, creating new products, new flavors and new packages in varying shapes and sizes to meet the growing demand for convenience and healthier choices. The way Pepsi develops products and innovates is by offering new different tasting beverages. Pepsi has come out with numerous different soft drinks, and has added many other products to their product mix. Other types of beverages including energy drinks, juices, and sports drinks are ways in which Pepsi has been innovative and the different flavors it comes out with ever years shows the development of Pepsi. Pepsis latest innovation is adding three new products which are considered to be a throwback to the 1960s and 1970s. Pepsi Natural, Pepsi Throwback, and Mountain Dew Throwback will all be sold with these older logos and are all sweetened with natural sugar. These recipes date back to the 1960s and 197s and will be able to be purchased this month. Pricing The United States carbonated soft drink market is a mature market where the industry sales growth is largely driven by population growth and advertising. Product innovation is also taking place in the industry and is an important aspect of pricing in the market. Since there is a mature nature of the market both Pepsi and Coca Cola have resorted to price discrimination strategies to maximize the value of consumer demand. Price discrimination means that there will be different prices for the product in the different regions it is being sold. Pepsi, Coke or other soft drinks have similar prices and the price will vary slightly from place to place and depending on which packaging it is sold in. Distribution On February 26, 2010 the Pepsi Beverages Company  (PBC) was formed when PepsiCo bought both of its largest distributors in the world. The Pepsi Beverages Company is made up of the Pepsi Bottling Group which worlds largest  bottler of Pepsi-Cola beverages. The Pepsi Bottling Groups sales of Pepsi-Cola beverages accounted for more than one-half of the Pepsi-Cola beverages sold in North America. Pepsi Beverages Company is also made up of the former PepsiAmericas Company which was worlds second-largest  bottler of Pepsi-Cola beverages and had19 bottling plants in the United States and had a presence in 16 other countries. PepsiCo and Pepsi-Cola now has much control over its bottling companies and the distribution of Pepsi Cola products. Pepsi products are distributed to stores all over, from small grocery marts to larger bulk warehouse stores, and through fountain drinks. Packaging In the United States Pepsi products are sold in plastic bottles and cans as well as dispensed through a fountain. The cans are packaged in 6 packs, 12 packs and cases of 24, 36 and 360. Pepsi also has bottles come in 1, 1.5, 2, and 3 liters. Energy drinks first  sold in eight-ounce cans in the United States, but now are sold in similarly sized cans to the other soft drinks. The Pepsi packaging has been simple, containing a blue color, differing itself from the Coca Cola red. Pepsis packaging has not changed much until its new look in 2009 which it changed its logo and packaging in an attempt to distinguish itself and promote itself from the other colas as a cultural leader. Advertising Strategy Recently, cutting back on television Shifting to social media Website, Twitter, Facebook 2010: First time in 23 years without Superbowl Ad Younger generation Pop stars Movie stars Promotion Pepsi Challenge: Pepsi vs. Coke Pepsi Stuff: merchandise purchased with Pepsi Points Pepsi Refresh Project Pepsi brand is dedicating $20 million dollars a year Donations to local organizations Causes proposed by the public in health, arts and culture, the environment and education Media partners for the project include: AOL, Face book, Hulu and MTV Competitive Products Coca-Cola  and  Pepsi  are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the world Pepsi-Cola and Coca-Cola Classic are the predominant carbonated cola beverages Coca-Cola is the original Pepsi tastes sweeter than Coca-Cola Coca-Cola has more carbonation than Pepsi depending on what region you are in Said that depending on where each one was made the amount of carbonation in them will be different, proving that neither Coca-Cola nor Pepsi have more carbonation than one another Both drinks are no longer seen as a beverage but mainly as a brand Both companies commit to sponsoring festivals and charitable projects in third world countries Marketing Approach Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi market as part of a life-style Pepsi tries to reach out to the younger generation by appealing to pop culture Pepsis Website: flashy pages containing social media links Coca-Colas website: less flashy and uses a classical appeal, promoting history of beverage

Nineteenth Century Insane Asylums Essay example -- Exploratory Researc

Nineteenth Century Insane Asylums No matter where they were, mad houses, or insane asylums, have the same basic features and functions. The views of asylum life changed drastically over the course of the nineteenth century. The growth of the number of mad houses during the nineteenth century is quite remarkable. Before 1810, only a few states had insane asylums. By 1850, most of the Northeastern and Midwestern states' legislatures supported having asylums. As early as 1860, 23 of the 33 existing states had some sort of public institution for the insane. (Perrucci, p.11) The view of what caused insanity was widely disputed during this time period. Some physicians viewed insanity as being caused by a disease of the brain resulting in lesions. The opposing view, held by many Europeans, was that insanity was caused by civilization or society as a whole. (Perrucci, p.12) Classification played a significant role in the asylums and how they were run. First there is the classification between sane and insane. This division has continually been the center of study and discussion. Perhaps those that are considered insane aren't really. "Nineteenth century records make it clear that those alone, whether single, divorced, or widowed, were particularly vulnerable to institutionalization." (Dwyer, p.106) The next classification distinction is whether a person is temporarily insane or chronically insane. In many places, the need for a separate institution for the chronically insane was discussed. When a New York state asylum was considering a separate location, superintendent John Gray "opposed the idea of a separate institution for the chronically insane." (Dwyer, p.46) This idea was discredited throughout America and Europe. (... ...bility for Poe's story does exist. Mad houses were hardly present at the beginning of the nineteenth century. They quickly sprouted up throughout Europe and the United States. For the most part, they were run by a powerful, authoritative hierarchy. Towards the end of the century, people realized the major problems of asylums, and reform swept both Europe and the States. Bibliography Beaver, Harold, Ed. The Science Fiction of Edgar Allan Poe. Penguin Books. London: 1976. Dwyer, Ellen. Homes for the Mad: Life Inside Two Nineteenth Century Asylums. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick: 1987. Perrucci, Robert. Circle of Madness: On Being Insane and Institutionalized in America. Prentice-Hall, Inc. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: 1974. Porter, Roy. A Social History of Madness: The World Through the Eyes of the Insane. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. New York: 1987.

Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First So

Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First Sonne, and The Song Of The Old Mother All of the poems are about emotions and parent child relationships. In Before You Were Mine, the girl idolises and loves her mother. Whereas the man in Kid feels angry towards his father, and resents him too. In the poem On My First Sonne, the father loves his son a lot and feels grief for his dead son. Which is different from The Song Of The Old Mother as in this the mother is angry and annoyed at her children. I shall look for similarities and differences in the parent child relationships that are in all four of the poems. The use of structure in Kid shows the past and present in a chronological way, it’s like a monologue. I know this because the lines one to five are about past events from when he was a child, â€Å"when you gave me the order to grow up.† The middle lines show the present â€Å"you baby, now I’m the real boy wonder.† This is effective because this shows the father son relationship between them from the past, when Kid had suffered to the present where he has learnt from the mistakes in his life. This structure is similar to Before You Were Mine as it is also structured in a chronological way. The mother’s life has been explored this way in each verse. Firstly, the mother’s childhood has been mentioned, â€Å"Your polka-dot dress blows round your legs.† Then in the second verse, the mother is an older dating teenager who falls in love â€Å"in the ballroom†¦I knew you would dance like that.† Finally, the last verse describes her as a mother â€Å"†¦You’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass.† Each verse is like snap shots which are clearly shown wherever the mother was in her life she is in eac... ... he will never get too attached to anything he loves ever again. I think this is a sad poem because the parent loved his son so much he was his pride, his joy. His son meant everything to him and because of his son’s death; he’s never going to love anything like this again. This makes me think that you should make the most of what you’ve got in life and hold onto it because you don’t know what’s round the corner. This is similar to Before You Were Mine because in both parent child relationships feelings are shown. The feelings which are shown are love and care for one another. Before You Were Mine is about a girl who is looking at a photo, she is reflecting back all the positive memories of her mother. She idolises and loves her mother a lot. This poem is full of such joyful memories which make you think, you should always love your family no matter what. Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First So Parent Child Relationships in Before You Were Mine, Kid, On My First Sonne, and The Song Of The Old Mother All of the poems are about emotions and parent child relationships. In Before You Were Mine, the girl idolises and loves her mother. Whereas the man in Kid feels angry towards his father, and resents him too. In the poem On My First Sonne, the father loves his son a lot and feels grief for his dead son. Which is different from The Song Of The Old Mother as in this the mother is angry and annoyed at her children. I shall look for similarities and differences in the parent child relationships that are in all four of the poems. The use of structure in Kid shows the past and present in a chronological way, it’s like a monologue. I know this because the lines one to five are about past events from when he was a child, â€Å"when you gave me the order to grow up.† The middle lines show the present â€Å"you baby, now I’m the real boy wonder.† This is effective because this shows the father son relationship between them from the past, when Kid had suffered to the present where he has learnt from the mistakes in his life. This structure is similar to Before You Were Mine as it is also structured in a chronological way. The mother’s life has been explored this way in each verse. Firstly, the mother’s childhood has been mentioned, â€Å"Your polka-dot dress blows round your legs.† Then in the second verse, the mother is an older dating teenager who falls in love â€Å"in the ballroom†¦I knew you would dance like that.† Finally, the last verse describes her as a mother â€Å"†¦You’d teach me the steps on the way home from Mass.† Each verse is like snap shots which are clearly shown wherever the mother was in her life she is in eac... ... he will never get too attached to anything he loves ever again. I think this is a sad poem because the parent loved his son so much he was his pride, his joy. His son meant everything to him and because of his son’s death; he’s never going to love anything like this again. This makes me think that you should make the most of what you’ve got in life and hold onto it because you don’t know what’s round the corner. This is similar to Before You Were Mine because in both parent child relationships feelings are shown. The feelings which are shown are love and care for one another. Before You Were Mine is about a girl who is looking at a photo, she is reflecting back all the positive memories of her mother. She idolises and loves her mother a lot. This poem is full of such joyful memories which make you think, you should always love your family no matter what.

Essay --

In chapter 6 of The Great Gatsby, a reporter comes to Gatsby’s door to interview him about his personal life. Jay Gatsby’s original name was James Gatz and he was born on a North Dakota farm but went to college in St. Olaf, Minnesota. He dropped out of college and later met the wealthy Dan Cody who hired him as a personal assistant. When Dan Cody died he left Gatsby $25,000, but his mistress prevented Gatsby from claiming it. After that, Gatsby was determined to become rich and successful. Later on, Nick visits Gatsby and is shocked to find Tom Buchanan there, and the next Saturday Tom and Daisy attend one of Gatsby’s parties. After the party Gatsby is worried that Daisy did not enjoy it and Nick tells him to give up on Daisy, however, Gatsby refuses and instead tells Nick about he and Daisy’s past. The quote that best describes Jay Gatsby is, â€Å"He talked a lot about the past, and I gathered that he wanted to recover something, some idea of himself perhaps, that had gone into loving Daisy† (110). The good qualities of Jay Gatsby are he is a loyal person and he has a good heart. The bad qualities of Gatsby are he is amoral, dishonest, and throws his money away. Fitzgerald developed this character to show how people use their wealth to get love only to discover the love is not real. Additionally, he is developed throughout the novel to be an example of how living extravagantly can be an empty life. A meaningful quote in the chapter is, â€Å"The truth was that Jay Gatsby of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself† (98). This quote is meaningful to the story because it reveals the truth of Gatsby changing his identity. Also, it focuses on the fact that Gatsby wasn’t going to let any obstacle stop him from fu... ..., to Nick, â€Å"It was a photograph of the house cracked in the corners and dirty with many hands† (172), and again by Nick, â€Å"On the last night†¦I went over and looked at that huge incoherent failure of a house once more† (179). This symbol is important to the story because it symbolizes the emptiness of Gatsby’s life and shows how his quest for Daisy was a failure. The East and West were mentioned by Nick, â€Å"Even when the East excited me most, even when I was most keenly aware of it superiority to the bored, sprawling, swollen towns beyond the Ohio†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (176). It was mentioned again by Nick soon after, â€Å"After Gatsby’s death the East was haunted for me like that, distorted beyond my eyes’ power of correction† (176). The symbol is important to the story because they represented the different social classes and how they made a barrier between the people from the East and West.

Whale Riders Film Analysis

When choosing a film for this assignment, my original choice was Bend It Like Beckham because I had heard of it and I had a general idea what it was about. I then decided that I wanted to take on a more challenging film, one that I had never heard of, and one that I would really have to study to understand its full meaning. After looking into a few of the listed movies, I ended up choosing Whale Rider, a drama filmed in New Zealand in 2002. After watching the movie two times, I feel that I now understand some of the more drastic cultural and gender based problems that are occurring today. The film's plot follows the story of Paikea Apirana, yet she goes by the name Pai in the film. Pai is a 12-year-old girl who is the only remaining child in the line of the tribe's chiefly succession after the death of her twin brother and mother when she was born. By tradition, the leader of the tribe should be the first-born son, or a direct descendant of Pai’s family. Yet because there is no direct male descendant, Pai’s grandfather Koro Apirana has to find the next male leader amongst their tribe. Koro is the current leader of the tribe and has to set up a series of tasks that are required to become the next leader of the tribe. Unfortunately, Pai is female and technically cannot inherit the leadership. Throughout the movie, Pai’s grandmother Nanny Flowers encourages her to train just as the boys of the tribe do to hopefully convince her grandfather to name her the new leader. One of the final tasks to be named the tribe leader is to retrieve a whale’s tooth from the sea by riding the back of a whale out to sea, hence the name of the film being Whale Rider. After watching this film, I feel that the director Niki Caro is trying to explore the ways that gender and power are exemplified in certain cultures around the world. I feel that the main example from this film involves the main character Pai being female and how that limits what she can and cannot do in her tribe. The tribe’s past history has always told them that a male should be leader and that females are to never be in power in any way, shape, or form. When the young boys are training with Koro to hopefully become the next descendent to be leader of the tribe, Pai is still not allowed to take part in the events. I feel that gender issues are also present in the everyday life of people all around the world, not just in this particular small tribe. It is a proven fact that in America, the average wage of men is higher than the average wage of women. Men also tend to hold higher positions in various labor industries across the country. Gender discrimination has always been a major issue in many societies around the world, yet many feminists groups around the world are slowly making the issue diminish. Another aspect of the film that Niki Caro explores is the way the power and control affects the lives of anyone in a given society. In the film, Pai’s grandfather Koro exerts his power over Pai by informing her that she will never be leader of the tribe due to her gender. Throughout the film he continuously tells her that she is the reason that the tribe may be at its final downfall. Even though she did nothing wrong, her being female makes her grandfather feel let down. Koro is in charge of everything that the people of the tribe do on a regular basis. He is the person who makes all of the decisions and controls all events. The presence of his power makes him seem like more of an intimidating figure who can control the lives of others. This leads to my first concept from our reading that was illustrated in Whale Rider which is Ideology of Patriarchy, or the structural dominance of men that is built into the institutions of society. Whale Rider exemplified the Ideology of Patriarchy perfectly because of how Koro ran his tribe. For generations, this tribe was always told that a man is to be the leader. When Pai is the only remaining family descendent, Koro becomes aggravated because she is female and will not be able to carry on the tradition of men as leaders. As the movie progresses, you begin to notice that Koro is slowly starting to accept the fact that maybe his granddaughter is fit to be a leader of their tribe. This leads to the second concept that I feel was expressed which is the idea of identification and the extent to which an individual is likely to make a decision that aligns with organizational objectives. When Koro originally has the feeling that Pai is not suitable to be leader, he is under the impression that he has to find someone outside of the family to take over his role once he passes. He soon realizes that the real thing that he should be focusing on is keeping the leader role in the family. Identification is accomplished by accepting the importance of family and what it means to be true and respecting of those who are closest to you in your life. The theory of identification also carries over to idea of the control that Koro has over his tribe. When Koro initially begins scouting young boys around the tribe in order to find his next leader, he set up training and a series of tasks each person needed to succeed with. Koro exerts what is my third concept of concertive control, or when explicit written rules are replaced by common understanding of values, objectives, and means of achievement, along with a deep appreciation for the organization’s mission. During Koro’s training of the young boys, Pai was secretly training with her uncle who knows all of the ways of fighting and training needed to succeed. When Pai defeats a young student of Koro’s in a fight, Koro becomes very upset but begins to realize that she may be the most suitable for the leader role. Koro eventually understands that the value of keeping the leadership role in the family is the most important objective, even if the descendant is female. This leads to the final concept that the film expresses which is the role of gender in society and the different aspects of how gender is treated in this particular tribe. From our readings, we learned that gender is socially constructed depending on the society’s specific views and morals. In this tribe, females are not able to hold any type of leadership role. We also learned that gender is learned and performed. Typical themes of femininity could be classified as sensitive, caring, beautiful, and in some cases accept negative treatment. Even though Pai had always grown up learning what it meant to be a girl and a woman, she had to learn certain aspect of masculinity in order to become leader of the tribe. She had to learn how to fight, how to train, and how hold a position of power of a group of people. Pai was able to show her family and the people of her tribe that a female can do anything a male can do and do it just as successfully. Whale Rider taught me a lot of different aspects the ways that people treat others in society. I have never agreed with the idea that men can always do things better than women, but this film really pressed that into my mind. I now have a whole new appreciation for feminists and everything that they stand for. Women have the same rights that men do and should be given the same amount of opportunities in life. I feel that Whale Rider was a great film that was able to show the viewers how power and control really affects people. This film was the perfect way to show the world what it really means to stick up for yourself and fight for what you believe in.