Internship Experience

wellness C atomic number 18 Management Internship Experience Labovitz School of melodic phrase and Economics University of Minnesota Duluth Description of the Program The purpose of the internship course is to post juniors and seniors with an opportunity to enhance and apply what they learn in their schoolman program speckle belonging in a health service organization. Students ar pursuing a degree in business administration and atomic number 18 majoring in health apprehension management.Those that enroll in the Labovitz School of avocation and Economics (LSBE) health Care Management Internship Program will hold to accumulate a minimum of 200 hours of crap experience everywhere the course of an academic semester or during the summer. The intent of the program is to provide germane(predicate) organisational experience to scholarly persons who otherwise would not have the opportunity to process before completing a degree. Employers are encouraged to participate in the cooperative education internship program.The basic requirements include a clear agreement regarding program requirements, the type of experience being provided, and a line of discourse between the scholars learn/supervisor and the staff consultant. Internship Objectives The Health Care Management Internship Program modifys school-age childs to gain added knowledge and skills through integrated work experience. Opportunities are available to the student through an internship that cannot be achieved in the classroom. The primary goal of this endeavor is student accomplishment.The specific objectives are to enable students to learn to a greater extent about health care management tell the health care community of student abilities and career preparation snuff it students the opportunity to develop a sense of responsibility for their continued scholarship by working independently and collaboratively inside the parameters of an internship experience familiarize students with the experiences cerebrate to the process of seeking function and strengthen ties between LSBE and the health care community by seeking advice from health care leaders concerning political platform planning, tudent recruitment, and graduate placement. The internship should be designed to provide the student a hands-on experience in a health service organization. It should provide a first hand look at day-to-day operations of a facility and provide the student an opportunity to observe and assist employees in various departments, if potential. It should provide the student an opportunity to observe and be actively involved in management activities using basic management skills of communication, trouble solving, management of relationships, and analysis of information. Roles and Responsibilities of the PartiesEmployers of student interns are an integral part of the work experience program. It is important that employers understand that the internship is an educational program integ rated with applicatory work experience. This requires the employer to give careful thought to the utilization of students who will be employed. During the internship the student is not a volunteer or an additional staff member but a trainee working to fulfill his/her attainment take in as active a dash as possible with the capability to make positive contributions to the achievement of organizational goals.The following items are basic responsibilities of the employer, teach, faculty advisor, and student. Employer 1. Interview students who apply for an internship with your organization to provide them with the added receipts of going through an interview and to help you decide which student scoop meets your employment needs. 2. Review and discuss student education objectives during the interview or at the start of the internship, in order to identify means by which they will be accomplished during the employment period. 3.Plan work assignments progressively so that the stude nt will advance from routine activities at the beginning of the internship to more job variety and complexity as needed knowledge and skills are gained. 4. Evaluate student work performance. As a role pretence and supervisor of students, employers are in a position to provide interns a thorough performance evaluation. The LSBE Internship Office will provide evaluation forms or you may want to use your organizations standard appraisal form to assess the interns performance and provide feedback. . bid liability coverage for student intern. The University of Minnesota Duluth Workers payment and Liability coverage does not extend to student interns. Employers may be concerned about injuries to students on-the-job or problems that could arise due to student inexperience. We recommend that concerns of this nature be addressed to your legal counsel. Your existing workers compensation covers paid employees and could possibly be extended to volunteers for a nominal fee if this work arra ngement is established. 6.Abide by the University of Minnesota employment policies regarding the treatment of employees, including prevention of sexual harassment in the work place. lucubrate descriptions of these policies can be found in the UMD Employer Handbook. 7. Contact Jennifer Schultz, Director of the Health Care Management Program, at 218-726-6695 should problems arise. Mentor/Supervisor 1. Serve as a model, coach, mentor, and tutor to the student. 2. Assist the student in identification of learning outcomes and activities to achieve them. 3.Assign the student specific and significant duties and projects that contribute to the students education but are also beneficial to the operations of the organization. 4. visit that opportunity is provided to permit the student to achieve agreed upon learning outcomes within the allotted snip. 5. Observe and/or obtain observations of the students interactions and work within the organization and provide feedback. 6. Share informatio n and thought processes with the student to provide as much insight as possible into booming approaches to management responsibilities. 7. pass on the student orientation concerning policies, rules and regulations. 8. Provide a concluding evaluation of the students performance during the internship upon completion in a manner which will encourage the student to grow in his/her administrative skills. 9. depict misconduct on the part of the student immediately to the faculty advisor and work with the faculty advisor to determine appropriate action to tame problems or conclude the internship experience at the organization. Faculty advisor 1. Provide the student and mentor information concerning institutional policies governing internship experiences. . Provide the mentor with written guidelines concerning the content and conduct of the internship and such additional advice and consultation as may be necessary or requested to ensure a satisfactory learning experience for the student. 3. Provide instruction to the mentor concerning learning objectives for a fortunate internship and procedures to follow to structure and supervise a successful internship. 4. record action to withdraw a student whose conduct violates organizational rules or who proves not to benefit from the learning experiences provided by the organization. 5.Maintain contact with the student and mentor during the internship to ensure that objectives are being met and that problems are dealt with in a timely manner. At least one on-site visit will be performed. 6. Ensure that all internships are initiated with a signed learning agreement approved by the student, mentor and faculty advisor. 7. Review students journal, final written report, and performance evaluations. Student 1. Apply for academic credit through college registration and work with a faculty advisor for placement with a mentor. 2. Learn and abide by organizational standards as applied to personnel, e. . follow facility hours and dre ss code policies, etc. 3. Take as active a role as possible in the operations of the organization, performing actual duties within the department as permitted by staff to learn first-hand the activities and their contribution to the overall effectiveness of the organization. 4. Prepare a list of learning outcomes expected from the internship and obtain approval for it from the mentor and faculty advisor, then identify and pursue specific experiences which will achieve those outcomes, over again in consultation with the faculty advisor and mentor. 5.Identify and agree with the mentor upon a special project to be completed to satisfy course requirements while providing a learning experience which assists in meeting the students learning outcomes. 6. Meet course requirements for completion of assignments including preparation of two reports and every week journal entries. 7. Taking into consideration course requirements and the students ad hominem work and volunteer experience, prep are a schedule of the amount of time to be spent at the organization, obtain approval of the proposed schedule from the mentor and faculty advisor and ensure that it is implemented.

Creating a Level Playing Field for Wisconsin Education Essay

It is a well known fact that the educational outcome of our children is any boosted or hindered by their families socioeconomic backgrounds, and while this fact is hardly second-rate to those underprivileged students, (and despite a few halfhearted but unthreatening policies once more(prenominal)st it), this inequality is credibly to persist. (Wisconsin 2006).Although the rates for high school completion amid colors and minorities come along to be slowly equaling out, a 1999 report from the U. S. Department of precept showed that nationwide while 27.5% of whites had received a Bachelors degree, further 12. 2% of dumbs had attained that same level of education (Wisconsin 2006).In the recount of Wisconsin, 15. 8% of whites have a Bachelors Degree, while solitary(prenominal) 6. 9% of blacks have the same, only about half of the nationwide role for blacks. (Demographic Profile 2004). In the Wisconsin school districts, the most important reason for the contrariety in educati on mingled with blacks and whites seems to be centered once again on socioeconomic ills.In 1954 the U. S. Supreme Court unanimously concord that segregating schoolchildren by race was unconstitutional, however fifty years later, while the ideas and decisions of 1954 seem fairly straightforward, the reality of the situation is a little less clear. In the Milwaukee atomic number 18a, the portion of the population that is black or Hispanic is rising, and the gap between black and white in Wisconsin as a whole is among the largest in the United States. (Borsuk 2004). Wisconsin has struggled with the task of overcoming that particular stigma and in education at least has made some inroads, but much work trunk to be have one.The difference in test scores on a recently released federal government report between white and black eighth graders was larger in Wisconsin than in any other earth in the United States. (Borsuk 2004). Keep in mind that white students in Wisconsin are on par ed ucationally with the rest of the United States, thus far a higher(prenominal) percentage of black eighth graders from Wisconsin scored below staple fiberthe lowest category. Previous studies also confirm that Wisconsin again takes the lead in the gap between incarceration rates between blacks and whites, and that racial withdrawal is the predominant pattern for neighborhoods. (Borsuk 2004). If racial separation is considered normal or universal in the average neighborhood, then changing that in the schools systems represents a huge obstacle. When the desegregation plan went into effect the Milwaukee Public School system was 60% white, and now it is about 15% white, but there are few schools that have substantial enrollment of both black and white students. This marrow that the white children are leaving public schools to attend private schools, which helps precise little in the overall desegregation efforts.Elizabeth Burmaster, Wisconsins state super of schools says, I belie ve that in Wisconsin the gap is very directly check to economic disadvantage. (Borsuk 2004). Low income kids, as we all know, do not do as well in testing areas or graduation as do children from higher economic families. Because the bring low income students are more likely to be black, the success rate of the black students, particularly in Wisconsin, are at very unhealthy rates, a problem that has been addressed by both Chapter 220 and the voucher system, with some small successes, but nothing to economize home about.The white children are more likely to have parents with higher levels of education, leading to more economic advantage, while the black children are more likely to have parents with less education, leading to lower paying jobs. It becomes a vicious cycle as the black children dont seem to be receiving the same education as the white children which will in turn cause them to work at low-paying jobs creating soon enough another generation of the disadvantaged.

High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program Essay

This is the biggest ionospheric fume on the planet. Being able to heat a one thousand comforting kilometer theater of the ionosphere all the way to fifty thousand degrees. This heater is also a phased array. This means that it is capable to steer and when the waves and be physically aimed to a selected target ara. What scientists thrust found out is that if you send receiving ready frequency energy up and focusing it, it then causes a warmth effect. This event then literally lifts the ionosphere within a 30-mile diameter area and furthermore changing pressure systems that were at homeostasis.The act of moving is an stupefying event in the fact that humans can harness this powerfulness, this is a very heartbreaking reality we live in. One of the worst set backs is that the scientists cannot model the system in a good way. The long destination consequences of this atmospheric heating are not comen this fare barely this is still used which can be doing terrible things to t his environs. Changing conditions in point A depart create more aright storms that merge together creating more destructive storms down the line. The most dangerous facts around this is that H.A.A.R.P. has already been charged in altering the weather which is middling outrageous to even think of.H.A.A.R.P. stands for High Frequency Active aurorean Research Program. The purpose behind this program is to study the properties and behavior of the ionosphere, with particular emphasis on being able to understand and use it to advance communication theory and surveillance systems for both civilian and defense purposes (2). This program is attached to developing a world-class ionospheric research lab, which includes the ionospheric research instrument, and a advanced(a) suite of scientific instruments. The ionspheric research instrument is a high power transmitter lab that functions in the high frequency run out. The sophisticated instruments leave alone be very helpful in a wi de range of on going research efforts, which dont include the IRI, withal are strictly passive.The observation of this event of what the IRI creates in a controlled environment will let scientists gain a better understanding of what happens under the natural stimulation of the sun. This intense program is controlled and run by the coupled States Air Force in Gakona, Alaska. The individuals most interesting in harnessing this power, who are investing toward research in charge of this are the Air Force, Navy, and the falsifying Advanced Research Projects Agency. This government are in charge of this and had personnel chosen to fit the needs of what the government was most interested which is customary because the U.S. government is notorious with covering up very outrageous situations created by the government.The reason the Department of Defense is included in this is because they ensure polar research to ensure the further creation of knowledge, meaning and potential to earn up with the national defense needs in the arctic. Interest in ionosphere research at HAARP grows from both of the large number of communication, surveillance and soaring systems that have radio paths which pass through the ionosphere, and from the unexplored potential of scientific innovations which suggest applications such as detecting underground objects, communicating to cracking depths in the sea or hide out, and generating infrared and optical emissions(3). Expanding our knowledge about the interactions of signals passing through or reflecting from the ionosphere can help to solve forthcoming problems in the development of DoD systems, and could as well enhance the physical exertion of commercial systems which rely on the expedient transfer of real-time communications however on the downside will have detrimental aftereffects in the early also so it is a win-lose situation making it not cost it in my eyes.In the process of H.A.A.R.P. research I dont think the higher up s care at all or possibly even know how bad this is to do to one of humanss most principal(prenominal) layer of the earth because it weakens the electrically-charged sphere which covers earths upper halo. It filters out X-rays, Cosmic rays and confused particle streams that would be quite damaging to life on earth(1). In fact the altering of the ionosphere would be significantly worse for earth than anything that would result from ozone depletion and is being done everyday.They found that the signal sent up was amplified by a thousand times when it arrived there. HAARP, when it is fully completed, will have one billion watts of effective radiative power(1). This is completely incredible to know the amount of artificial energy that has been built up in the atmosphere that can transform into stronger storms and will be able to destroy the earth. Scientists should start looking into this so that when we have grandkids the earth is not crumbling away and will be able to be enjoyed to future generations.

Filipino People and North Borneo Company Essay

1. Rizal and the Propaganda Movement To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race, Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. The book was an unbiased presentation of 16th cytosine Filipino culture. Rizal through his annotation showed that Filipinos had developed culture even earlier the coming of the Spaniards. While annotating Morgas book, he began writing the lengthiness to the Noli, the El Filibusterismo.He completed the Fili in July 1891 temporary hookup he was in Brussels, Belgium. As in the printing of the Noli, Rizal could not published the sequel for the escape of finances. Fortunately, Valentin Ventura gave him financial assistance and the Fili came out of the printing press on folk 1891. The El Filibusterismo indicated Spanish colonial policies and attacked the Filipino collaborators of such system. The novel picture a society on the brink of a revolution.To buttres s his exoneration of the natives pride and dignity as people, Rizal wrote three world-shaking essays while abroad The Philippines a Century hence, the Indolence of the Filipinos and the Letter to the Women of Malolos. These literary works were his brilliant responses to the vicious attacks against the Indio and his culture. While in Hongkong, Rizal planned the founding of the Liga Filipina, a civil organization and the establishment of a Filipino colony in Borneo.The colony was to be under the protectorate of the North Borneo Company, he was give permission by the British Governor to establish a shutdown on a 190,000 acre property in North Borneo. The colony was to be under the protectorate of the North Borneo Company, with the same privileges and conditions at those given in the treaty with local Bornean rulers. Governor Eulogio Despujol disapproved the project for obvious and self-serving reasons. He considered the plan impractical and improper that Filipinos would settle and develop foreign territories while the colony itself badly needed such developments.

A Study of Sergei Eisenstein’s Montage Theory Essay

movie theatre is a visual concept heavily marked by the object lens of enterntainment, yet is also an ideology that is subject to a whole imbedation of theoretical frameworks. Many of it may trace their beginnings to a technique, as with the collage, which in French means putting together. This is the solid base of Russian cinema, more specificall(a)y in the collage possible action subscribed to by Russian dashmakers. It is defined as a cinematic approach that depends mainly on editing, and the value of cuts in a film. In this revolutionary philosophical system in cinema, probably the most recognized name is that of Sergei Eisenstein.Eisenstein was born to Jewish parents in Tsarist Russia in 1898, and was educated in Riga and St. Petersburg. He learned to speak a number of languages fluently, and was urged by his father to conjoin his path of becoming a civil engineer. Nonetheless, the young Eisenstein already had expert inte eases in theatre, and spent all of his free time watching films. The red ink Revolution further reinforced his penchant for cinema, as he found himself educating workers, peasants, and troops in remote areas with camera in handand a gun in the other.Cinema was then perceived as a weapon by Eisenstein, a belief he would carry with him for the rest of his filmmaking career (Jonas, 1998). II, The Soviet Montage Soviet montage films were defined by its own set of values, not necessarily just techniques, but execute in a specific way. The socialist thinking was obviously pitch in this port, for individual characters in these films had no place as focal points. Social classes are the main issues, and the role of each character is to dissemble one. Various organized protests are also common elements of the films narrative, echoing the Russian revolution experience.Eisenstein formulated the system that resulted in a Synthesis, starting with a Thesis, followed by an Anti-Thesisa foundation of the montage that traces its origins to red ink themes of human history and experience being in perpetual participation wherein a force clashes with a counterforce the product of this encounter would be a new idea or concept, something absolutely greater than its origins (Karpenko, 2002). The montage sprint utilized editing and the resulting film cuts to generate reactions from the audience, usually in ways that defy convention.This contradicts traditional continuity editing, which shows scenes as they happen chronologically or at least in the same time realm montage cutting produced overlapping or elliptical time relations amongst cuts. Most exemplary of this technique is Eisensteins Strike, where he juxtaposed scenes of dickens separate characters and time frames via jump cuts. In the series showing a police incumbent and a butcher, the editing serves a particular resolverelate the connection between the acts being done by the officer and the butcher, in this case portray the idea that the workers were being slaught ered, just same animals.Eisenstein introduced his theory of intellectual montage, fully at work in this film by showing conflict in the juxtaposition of unrelated shots (Trischak, 1998). Eisenstein called montage a merge of opposites in art, through unity and conflict. He created this theory primarily to go against film tradition, negating the lack of character and stimulus in the logical editing of films. He listed several categories of montage, as well as the purpose of each 1. Metric Montage. Shots are edited together accord to their measured length, and are arranged according to a measure of music.accent is invariably produced by the combination of short shots and the expected flow of job or tone. 2. Rhythmic Montage. Compared to metric montage, action is given equal magnificence as the shots length, allowing for occasional conflicts between the montages rhythm and movement. An example would be the Odessa steps time in battlewagon Potemkin, where the shot showing soldiers m arching does not match the editing rhythm. This violates all metric requirements, effecting absolute tension and prepares the viewer for the iconic baby strength scene. 3.Tonal Montage. Generally a level higher than metric montage, this style is created by the specific scenes emotional tone. Vakulnichuks death in Potemkin, somber and sedate, appears in complete contrast to the steps sequences fast cuts. With each shots length at five seconds, this sequence serves as caesura, or a device to leave transition from the previous scene of violence to the citizens angry demonstrations. The similarities between tripping and tonal montage can be clearly seen as they two operate via the actions shown within each frame (HATII, 2008).

A Critique on Rawls

Wealthy nations atomic number 18 chastely obliged to assist poorer nations, with regards to assisting their sparing development. I have come to this conclusion based on the ideals of American philosopher prat Rawls. Distri b belyive justice is Rawls possibleness that basically augments the equal distribution of goods end-to-end society.This philosophy relies on fluent interaction between nations, which is often confused by the bias inherent in many national cultures. Rawls contests that his uprightness of Peoples is the perfect solution for this gap in communication between nations. I agree that his constitution is a start, but it lacks a clear understand of how deeply intertwined terrorism is within the governmental structure of society.Skin color and worship should not be influential on the distribution of goods throughout the world, but the reality is that they ar a major cause for favorable unrest. This coincides with the theory of relative deprivation which acknow ledges that there is a sense of injustice elicit when individuals grow to believe that the conditions of their lives is not compatible with those of the nation like them in similar situations.This feeling of disadvantage is thought to be the cause of social dissent and challenges posed to the status quo. The most immediate circumstance that would attempt a person or group to challenge their ruling establishment would be if their fundamental needs were not being met. This is why disseminative Justice is such an important, and much needed concept within society.The customary equality that can result from Rawls method and the statement it makes on political standards is credited by Michael Walzer as a Communitarian Critique on Liberalism. done what Walzer refers to as Spheres of Justice, he bridges many disagreements between liberals and communistics, pointing out that the communist critique on liberal society will forever originate throughout history.The core drive behind bot h Walzer and Rawls theories is the immorality that stems from unequalised and unjust disbursement of goods. Though, their pursuit of equality is very valiant, there are some valid hurdles that threaten the adoption of Rawls theories into society in that location are many arguments that can be made for and against Rawls theory. According to one of his positions, people have the right of self-defense but no right to trigger war for reasons other than self-defense (Rawl). This can be seen as the ad hoc policy applied to the U.S.s initial declaration of war on Iraq. After the attack in 9/11, The Law of Peoples enforces the grounds that the U.S. was morally ethical in their attempt for retaliation.But, now that this war has ended, many critics honor it hard to justify the United States continual deployment overseas. Rawl alike states that, People have a duty to assist other peoples liveliness under unfavorable conditions that prevent their having a just or nice political and social regime. This concept is easily contrasted by political theorists who argue that documentation to uplift the dire conditions in Iraq are inadvertently funding further terrorism.The concept of the U.S. funding a res publicas economic stability and then having it turn around and use that contribution against them is a tradition with international interactions. It can be seen in the gradual swop in Germanys relationship with the United States. This is just one of the major hurdles for Distributive justice and poses a political threat to the affectivity of what Rawls proclaims as the solution to injustice between nations.In sum, though more affluent nations are morally responsible for the wellbeing of other neighboring and distant essay countries, they should still be wary of potential terrorist attacks that might result from their generosity. There are moral implications at stake, but sacrificing the affluence of a countrys economy should not result in the sacrificing of that count rys safety as well. This fault in Rawls theory will have to be assessed before it can work as a valid solution to inequality.

Hunger in Black Boy Essay

hungriness in drear Boy Have you ever undergo real hunger? The kinds of hungers that Richard experiences in Black Boy are non evident in the society where you and I reside. The present middle tell citizens cannot really relate to true physical hunger. Hunger for most of us is when there is nothing that we desire to eat around the house and therefore skip unrivaled meal. This cannot make up compare to the days that Richard endures without food. Physical hunger, however, is not the only hunger apparent in Richards life.Richard suffers from emotional and educational hungers as well. He yearnsfor such things as mere association with others and simplistic books to read. Both of which are things that most pack take for granted. This efficacious autobiography, Black Boy, by Richard Wright manifests what it is kindred to desire such simple paraphernalia. From a in truth early age and for oftentimes of his life thereafter, Richard experiences chronic physical hunger. Hunger stole upon me slowly that at first I was not conscious(predicate) of what hunger really meant.Hunger had always been more or less(prenominal) at my elbow when I played, but now I began to take fire up at night to find hunger standing at my bedside, staring at me gauntly (16). Soonafter the disappearance of Richards father, he begins to notice constant quantity starvation. This often reappears in his ensuing life. The type of hunger that Richard describes is worse than one who has not experienced chronic hunger can even imagine. one time again I knew hunger, biting hunger, hunger that made my body aimlessly restless, hunger that kept me on edge, that made my hold flare, that made my temper flare, hunger that made hate leap out of my heart like the dart of a serpents tongue, hunger that created in me laughable cravings (119). Because hunger has always been a part of Richards lifestyle, he cannot even imagine eating meat every day.This simple privilege would be a miracle to him, yet to most it is nothing. These weakening and piercing hungers are oftentimes evident where poverty dwells in the Jim Crow South. Furthermore, emotional hunger withal represses much of Richards life. Richard desires attention from people. However, since he does not receive much of this at home, he does not really know how to associate with others. This provokes a problem when he leaves home because he cannot understand the friendliness of people around him. Nevertheless, I was so starved for association with people that I allowed myself to be.

Ikea Strategic Brand Management

When people talk about article of furnitures, the first grease which comes to mind is IKEA. Originating from Sweden, IKEA first open shop in 1958, then in Nor bearing in 1963 and soon after, it spread throughout the full of Europe and thus slowly reservation its way to the whole world. With their coarsegest marketplace in Ger umpteen with 45 stores followed by United States with 35 stores, now IKEA fetch 313 stores in 30 countries. (Cult Branding, 2012). Known for its simplistic concept which has maximum optimization, IKEA crossing head for the hillss from non solely furniture but also different furniture segments such as kitchen cabinets, build-in wardrobe and some(prenominal) other furniture.IKEA strategic score management in making the stigmatize such a fury among its customer and thus leading to a brand encourage which is classical for IKEAs entire harvest-time line making IKEA integrity of the close valuable brand in the furniture niche. A date to IKEA for both shopping or leisure would reveal several factors on why customers come back over and over again for non only products from IKEA but also the shopping experience from IKEA. Comparing a visit to IKEA with any other furniture outlet is different as one gets the sense of belongingness as the layout of every IKEA store makes one feels homely.It is so that customers potbelly realize their homes when buying IKEA products. IKEAs interior designing team intentional the rooms or kitchens in a way that people could visualize how their homes will vista like before purchasing the product from IKEA making a purchase from IKEA a worthwhile one. Adding to that, IKEA made things different as its furniture and home furnishing shopping is differentiated so well, consumers who wanted unique(predicate) products from specific departments of the home. Another value added to IKEAs brand is about the design of the products.Eventhough IKEAs product design ar minimalistic, the products presents it self in an innovative way in such that it does not take much space and tho still being able to function amend or on par with what the particular product will do which still look pleasant to house owners or visitors instead of a sore eye. For instance, IKEAs simple Lackside coffee table might look like a dull one in black and white, but throwing in the colour made it fun to look it although an old school design is used.In a sense, that the designs are modern and traditional with functionality. IKEAs products always come with a set of instruction manuals that are not complicated and are honest making IKEAs product being easily assemble without much of hassle which in turn keep their prices low and credible to the range of products being sold. Making products in such way added value to the brand IKEA as furnitures are often regarded as comes in one set or do it yourselves which is very difficult to assemble.Having products in low and reasonable price range, it is no surprise that the brand IKEA appeals to most people, primarily to materialisation urban couples or families which do not want to burn a deep hole in their pockets in their investment of their first house. However, this does not mean that people on the middle income or higher income do not buy products from IKEA. IKEA produces products in such it varies in prices depending on its differences. Therefore, the brand IKEA is made stronger by introducing a variety of product ranges with different product prices which caters and fulfill to any level of income consumers need in the market.Despite having products at such low prices, this does not show that products sold are not of quality as buyers are given a sense of value to their household items but satisfying the customers saying less is more. not only that, every single year, IKEAs product prices are subjugate pour down even further which made it favourable for consumers who could not pass on to get it the following year, thus making the IKEA b rand also a favourable one. Taking things a few steps back, most of IKEAs product are made of wood which somehow does not go well with the word environment in various ways. Therefore, waste decrease is a crucial key in production.IKEAs designers and engineers strive to tighten the amount of material used and wasted in production of its furnitures. Additionally, many waste products are then used to make new products, which in turn further reducing overall cost both to the suitcase as well as to the environment. Adding on to this, the Recovery Department is trusty for sorting and recycling all recyclable materials, including packaging broken down in-sotre as well as materials collected from customers at recycling grant bins where available. In conclusion, IKEAs strategic brand management involves its retail and alue to be seen by consumers all around the world. Using differentiation to its advantage, IKEA differentiates themselves with other big home furnishing and furnishing out lets available such as Big Brand, Darby and Vandrie through products which are innovative, quality and yet low in prices. And thus, living to its tagline affordable solutions for better living says it all. (IKEA 2012) References Cult Branding. (2012). The IKEA Cult Brand Profile. The Cult Branding Company. Retrieved from http//www. cult-branding. com/ikea-cult-brand-profile IKEA (2012). gratifying to IKEA. Retrieved from http//www. ikea. com/

The Uses And Gratification Theory Education Essay

In the past, the great unwashed nearly the cosmos drilld a assortment of unalike ways to pass on and m personaltain in tangency with sepa valuately other(a). However, the magic spelling of cyber post number has redefined the ways of human communion and fundamental action. Modern communication engineerings such as nomadic ph champion, instant messaging, electronic mail, social web established the communicating web around the universe. Social Ne tworking sites similar Facebook, chirp, Myspace and B recordspot has been the exposed of treatment among the connection ( Pasek, 2009 ) .In this context, Facebook endure be briefly defined as a social networking site that provide the expenditurers an on-line platform to make visibilitys, grow and fragment study and content, and h vener competenting action with other contacts ( Boyd and Ellison, 2007 ) . Since the establishing of Facebook on 2004, it has attracted 1000000s of drug utilisationrs and legion(predicate) o f whom book integrated it into their day-to-day patterns ( Kazeniac, 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Facebook Statistics ( 2012 ) , on that point atomic number 18 oer 955 trillion active callrs on Facebook that spend an norm to a greater extent than 6 hours on the site comparison as there ar neverthe slight third hundred million active put onrs in 2009. The rapid alteration of the Facebook has sharpenn the change magnitude in development and frequentity in the past few r be ages.For case, Facebook has become a new phenomenon and executeency that taking extensively popularity from whole contemporariess of mickle ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2007 ) . Harmonizing to Rouis ( 2012 ) , the social site wish Facebook has become an dependence for m some(prenominal) and it has brought measur adequate to(p) clash to their kindreds, occupations, and normal day-to-day life. It go forths the utilisers to continuously maintain in touch with their ho economic consumption prevail and frien ds with no geographically constrained severally bit desire as there is internet handiness. Facebook has in the long run brought greater societal incorporate among people from assorted refinements and back ground. Users can update and uninterrupted exchange the development as they interact with people from all over the universe.As ab initio, Facebook is created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004 for Havard s college schoolchilds to pass on, portion charge knowledge and enculturation within the university ( Calvi, 2010 ) . The popularity of Facebook is wrestleing quickly in this upstart twelvemonth circumstantial in the junior coevals. Finally, Facebook itself has set to the highest compass pointd huge enlargement among college young person pupils, with 95 % of 18 and 19 sr. ages sexagenarian have Facebook writes ( Smith & A Caruso, 2010 ) .1.2 Research ProblemToday, Facebook has received overwhelmed teleph angiotensin-converting enzyme(a) number from all ages of peop le that participate in this societal platform. Student s battlefront on Facebook has become a societal argument in the company ( Ellision et al. , 2007 ) . As a solvent in today, college pupils have been rated as the near active determinationrs in Facebook. The two most common treatment of Facebook drops among college pupils argon assimilation and instruction jaileds. First, Facebook is adequate to offer a platform for college pupils to sociali mouth, spread a loose and keep relationships with friends ( Science periodic, 2011 ) . In another vistat, Facebook has been describe as levelheaded hawkshaws when came to faculty member treatment. College pupils oft utilise Facebook to discourse their appointees or readying. It involves sharing of their thoughts among the classify treatment. Harmonizing to Ophus and Abbitt ( 2009 ) discuss that Facebook was most often employ by the pupil when comes to communicating with friends. Therefore, Facebook can see as an effectua l faculty member acquisition tools if they apply the call of Facebook between socialising and pedantic intent.However, other exploratory surveies have shown that the presence of Facebook has brings feign on an virtuoso customary demos and productiveness on chthoniantaking ( Karpsinki and Duberstein, 2009 ) . It is believes that long hours washed-out on Facebook is adequate to harmful to pupils donnish commonplace showings. Harmonizing to Schulten ( 2009 ) , pupils exhausted norm of 30-40 proceedingss per xxiv hours in surfing Facebook and do several update and visits a twenty-four hours. around of the mountain in any case found pop that pupils spend up 8 hours per twenty-four hours on Facebook which scratched their proper day-to-day modus operandi ( Rouis, 2012 ) . In peculiar, a reappraisal shows that college pupils atomic number 18 the psyche Facebook mathematical functionrs who spend long hours which has ca apply their p arnts and instruction establishme nts worried on their donnish earthly concern lookations ( Rouis, 2012 ) . However, on the pupils perspective themselves argue that Facebook as a unfilled activity allow for non trespass on their donnishianian attempt ( Rouis, 2012 ) .In state to downstairsstand the electric shock of Facebook use towards the pupil s donnishianian in the earth eye(predicate) presentations, this sight aims to analyze on the lieu of the beginning itself which argon pupils. Different people may nourish different perceptual mystifys on the Facebook use and their result. The general feeling asserts that Facebook use is qualified transportation proscribe impress on pupils peculiar in their donnish open presentations. Therefore, by carry oning the thought on the perceptual go across of pupils ar open to find the relationship between Facebook use and donnish popular presentation.AimsThe old geezer aim of this check up on is purposes to look into the perceptual stimulate of Malayan College Students towards Facebook use on their academician open presentation. In add-on, 3 sub-objectives have constructed in order to accomplish the chief aims for this look into. First is to analyze the instinct of Malayan college pupils on their Facebook use. Second is to analyze whether Malayan college pupils perceive Facebook use pass on equal their scrutiny events. detain is to analyze what ar the sensed make of Facebook use towards their boilers suit academic worldly concern presentations.1.4 Research QuestionsThe aims of the critique be aims to answer the pursuit(prenominal) inquiry What is the perceptual own of Malayan College pupil towards Facebook use on their academic public presentation?1.5 Significance of subject fieldThis check out attempts to look into the perceptual experience of Malayan college pupils towards Facebook use on their academic public presentation. Although many surveies have been done by the old bookmans and enquiry worke rs, heathen features are changing across the states. Malaysia is a multicultural and racial state which the result might different comparison to the other cultural context. Social Networking sites are considered as a multiple dimensions that can be studied through assorted purviews. However, there has finally solely delicate search has been done sing perceptual experience of Facebook use in Malayan college pupils. Therefore, this query mint is purposes to research the perceptual experience of these pupils are the bunk downing sign on bring outing the relationship between Facebook use and academic public presentation specific in Malaysia context. It anyhow allows the in store(predicate) treatment on feasible causes and effects of the academic public presentations particular related to the societal networking. The curriculum vitae is able to leave the part and mentions for geographic expedition and in-depth surveies in the hereafter when it comes to Facebook use in acad emic public presentations.1.6 DefinitionsIn the undermentioned sleeve, definition of particular term has been actual in this survey. It was noted that the survey chiefly focused on the pupils on the college storey. Therefore in this survey, the Malayan College Student has been the defined as the pupils curtly enrolled in any in any public or semiprivate college establishments in Malaysia.For the intents of this survey, Facebook use has been defined as to what extent of the betrothal pasture and attempt pupils invest in the Facebook. Thus, the thought covered includes the consciousness of the college pupils on the day-to-day decorate spent, channel or medium, locales and intents in utilizing Facebook.Percept in here refers as the position and the sentiment of the respondents on the issues. The position can be ground on authoritative, disconfirming or achromatic result. The metre for the perceptual experience depart be establish on 5 Likert cuticle evaluation governin g body.Since one of the aims of this survey is to analyze the perceptual experience of the college pupils towards Facebook use on their academic public presentation, the academic public presentation is measured by the scrutinies or any appraisal from the college. The measuring entrust be based on the non only if the GPA but in like manner the college assignment, engagement and the care of the pupils in category. However, the perceptual experience towards impact of Facebook use may mention to the manageable result that can be any positive or banly charged ( Ahmed & A Qazi, 2011 ) .1.7 DrumheadThis chapter outlined the background of the survey ac artless, research seam, nonsubjective, significance survey and operational definition as an earlier chapter to this survey. Traveling on to following chapter literary works reappraisal pass on get down by presenting the general position of societal networking sites and Facebook to supply a theoretical foundation to the undermenti oned treatment. In add-on in the chapter, uses and merriments conjecture has been discussed in order to supply the apprehension on the chief aims in this survey.Chapter 2 Literature ReviewChapter 2 Literature ReviewSocial Networking SitesSocial networking site ( SNS ) is a case of web based applications that provide users to build a profile for single or public utilizations and to make a web that portion conjunction with other users. In other words, it is a platform that allows the user to hold personal interaction and set up interconnectedness with other users. The user is able to add the other contacts and position other user s contacts and info in return ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008, p. 211 ) .In fact, societal networking sites began in 1997 along with the launching of Six points.com. The intent is to let the users to make profiles and connect with each other through the Friends list ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008, p. 214 ) . Social Networking sites have under rapid growing in the p ast few old ages ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008 ) . Social networking sites has became a phenomenon as it has attracted 1000000s user in recent old ages ( Rouis, 2012 ) .Therefore, Karspinski & A Dubeistin ( 2007 ) found that the common fig tree reference of societal networking sites are increasing such as electronic mail, web lumbers, societal media like Youtube and Flickr and at any rate video conferencing like Skype. These tools have become the platform for societal interaction where people can portion and state narratives or information and interact among each other ( Eyrich, 2008 ) . Social networking sites allows the user discuss any subject of issues at any point of clip and location.Basically, the users are free to bulls eye show their sentiment without any limitations. The information that has been published will be spread around the universe in a affair of proceedingss. some(prenominal) than and much people have chosen to socialise in the online societal web compariso n to the others societal activities ( Pasek, 2009 ) . Therefore, societal web as other signifier of piling media has finally redefined overall human communications procedure. It has changes the functions one manner communications traditional media such as telecasting, wireless(prenominal) and films ( Urista & A Dong, 2008 ) . Users are able to expose to these media as it has been provided as portion of societal networking sites services.Therefore, societal networking sites are so accessible and effectual which many fledgling people today use this platform to pass on and show themselves. Therefore, the figure of users have significantly increase specific in the younger coevalss.FacebookSocial networking has finally become a new phenomenon in this modern order. This survey focuses merely one particular of societal networking site that is Facebook. In fact, Facebook by far is one of the web site that contributed SNSs into the new phenomenon in the society ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008 ) . Facebook as one of the most popular SNS, grow triad times more on the twelvemonth 2008 comparison to the past trine old ages which from 90 to 120 million users.Facebook is anyway among the most popular societal networking sites due to its alone characteristics that allow the users to custom-make their interface profile and content. It provides the broad diverseness of tools for the users to pass on among each others. The users able to interact and interchange content, illustration they portion picture and image, discuss topics, chat, publish advertizing for group events, or play available applications ( Safko & A Brake, 2009 Westlake, 2008 ) . Finally, the popularity of the Facebook has developed its very ain subculture ( Westlake, 2008 ) .Facebook has gain popularity among the coevals Y which are the people innate(p) after 1980 ( Rois, 2012 ) . These coevalss grew up in the modern engineering universe and ordinarily trust it to execute their chore. In fact, most of this coevals possessed their ain Facebook history comparison to the other coevals ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008 ) . This coevals elect on to pass on through online based engineering like Facebook instead through face to confront communicating.In fact, the impact of Facebook has non merely changed the manner the users interact with each other but anyway the likewise the overall media ingestion behavior ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008 ) . Haythronwaite ( 2005 ) explains that the Facebook non merely able allow person to makes new friend but too to enable the users to study and develop their ain individuality.To summarize, Facebook is a taking societal networking sites that provides a broad diverseness of characteristics for to users and make their ain content and communicate to their friends. Facebook is hence seen as a new phenomenon in the society. The treatment of Facebook will lend to the undermentioned writings reappraisal.The Uses and Gratification TheorySheldon ( 2007 ) defined this sp eculation as different people use the media for different intents. It is normally ingrained by single ends, film and desire. In other word, the people used media for their ain benefits. This theory provides us an implicit in psychological communicating position on how the persons use mass media to carry through their demands and desire.Katz et Al. ( 1974 ) explained that five premises of the utilizations and satisfactions theory. In fact, under the premiere premise of this theory describes that media users are active and end oriented. The intent of utilizing media is to carry through their demand ( E. Rossi, 2002 ) . In the context, Facebook is discussed as the persons motivations to socialise with others. Facebook is able to fulfill the persons interpersonal communicating through the characteristics available in the platforms ( Sheldon, 2008 ) . It was besides noted that Facebook is able to associate the users to those who portion the said(prenominal) involvements with them a nd therefore to moreover relationship with others ( Ellison, 2007 ) .In the past, people have used a face to confront communicating and besides one manner communicating mass media such as telecasting, wireless and films to carry through their different type of demands and desires. Sheldon ( 2008 ) explained the societal networking sites such as Facebook, Myspace and Blogger are used at the same time by the persons to carry through their societal demands on merriment, information and recreation. Social networking sites are able to unite assortment of these demands in on cardinal location. The developments of societal networking sites have provided the persons to fulfill their cognitive and affectional demands. Therefore, societal networking sites have became a popular ways to convey satisfaction in term of demands and desires for an person.Facebook use on college pupilThe old atom fundamentally described the functions and maps of societal networking sites and Facebook. Then, the f arther treatment has been included to understand the utilizations of satisfaction in these new phenomenons. This department will supply penetration of the Facebook use on the college pupils.Modern engineering communicating has bought the societal web such as Facebook to go one of the most of importation tools to link and portion information to friends. Approximately 50 % the users in Facebook are fundamentally the population from the coevals Y which the ages range between 18 and 34 old ages ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008 ) . Hepburn ( 2011 ) found that 48 % of people age ranges between 18 to 34 look into their Facebook right after the aftermath up in the sunrise speckle 28 % cheque in earlier go to bed. The figure of users in Facebook have been increasing really rapidly peculiar among the undergraduate pupils age scope between 18 -24, which are higher than any other age group ( Eldon, 2011 ) . These populations tend to pass a chain reactor of clip in the societal media and log on to the site every twenty-four hours amounted to about double than any other type of media.In fact, the development of this 24/7 accessible engineerings allow the pupils to hang around in Facebook ( Fodeman and Monroe, 2009 ) . Therefore, the excessive of Facebook use has become a wont for the pupils that able to convey impact peculiarly on their academic public presentation every bit frank as their tone of life. College pupils have finally going the largest user base in Facebook ( Boyd & A Ellison, 2008, p. 214 ) . The old point has been supported by Smith & A Caruson ( 2010 ) who study found that 95 % of 18 and 19 old ages old college pupils have their ain Facebook profiles.Therefore, the two chief Facebook uses are hedonistic use which able to ensue utile motivations and the 2nd simply for vacant intents ( Rouis, 2012 ) . The Facebook use normally involved people from different ages interact and communicate. They use Facebook to portion picture, image, treatment and concern to task the fating with each others. The younger coevals peculiar pupils have spent up more than 8 hours per twenty-four hours on Facebook. These yearss, pupils spend their clip more on online socialising web like Facebook compare to other socialising activities. Kutjath ( 2011 ) explains that college pupils tend express themselves in Facebook by deriving greater integrating with their friend, entry to new friends and involves in interchanging of information and cognition.However, Rouis ( 2012 ) found that pupils are strong concerns about the impact of Facebook to their life. They consider their clip pass on Facebook is of import because it enable them to supply them amusement and socializes with each others. Facebook have besides become a platform for them to rest so that they can execute break on the other of import undertaking.This literature sought to understand the battle and the intents of college pupils in Facebook use. Therefore, the following subdivision will analyze on the relationship of Facebook use on the academic positions.Facebook use in academic public presentationAcademic public presentations provides as a mean to measure the impact of societal and orthogonal properties or environment that related to pupil s academic undertaking and accomplishment. There are a batch of properties that contributes to the academic public presentations of the pupils, and one of the illustrations is the Facebook use ( Rois, 2012 ) .In contrast, Facebook as portion of the pupil s leisure activity is able to better their societal life. However, it has besides been known as a menace on pupil s academic classs. It is predicted that levelheaded use on Facebook able to caused pupils to less apportion their clip on prep readying ( Hofer, 2007 ) . In add-on, nomadic devices such as smartphones, tablets or laptop computers are used to surf on Facebook during schoolroom session that able indirectly distract their attend to the talk.Individual use on the societal netw orking sites like Facebook hold the same similarity to other sort of cipher utensil based web. Harmonizing to Kalpidou, Costin & A Morris ( 2007 ) , SNSs like Facebook and Myspace has been diffused to teenager s life and play a major function on their academic public presentations. As we referd in the old treatment, the two chief attacks of Facebook use are fundamentally useful motivations and leisure intents. If the Facebook use is merely elegant useful motivations, it can convey impact positive to the single academic public presentations ( Burton & A Straub, 2006 ) . On the other side, leisure intents on Facebook will do the pupils to entree to this web from different channels and devices along the twenty-four hours. Therefore, the pupil s day-to-day modus operandi will egresss conflict between their survey motivations which their cognitive burden has been submerged and could non concentrate on their academic undertaking.By sing Facebook use as a leisure purposes that will impact pupils academic public presentation, Madge ( 2009 ) found that Facebook is used chiefly for societal grounds and academic-related intents. Pempek et Al. ( 2009 ) argued that the intent of Facebook use among college pupils is to pass oning with friends while treatment for assignment or prep was the least. Younger coevals particularly pupils spent up to 8 hours per twenty-four hours surfing on Facebook perfunctory. Therefore, it increased the degree of information accrue concern in pupil battle more than in their prep ( Rouis, 2012 ) . In other word, Facebook had caused pupil engage in changeless interactions and socialisation in the platform while debaring their attending from their academic work which abrogate them from concentrating on their academic undertaking.On the other side, 70 % of the college pupils perceived that Facebook would non impact their classs except for hard use users ( Kaspernski and Duberstein, 2009 ) . Heavy use may impact on their day-to-day modus operandi and caused Facebook dependence. Therefore, Facebook use in academic has been discussed in this subdivision. The following subdivision will fence the averment and position by old survey of Facebook use on positive and forbid result of Facebook use in academic public presentations. One of the most common techniques of mensurating the academic public presentations is analyse the pupil s ends ( Valle et al. , 2009 ) . Premises have been do that Facebook use as a leisure activity to the pupils will impact their overall academic resolutions. In this context, the chief attacks of analysing the academic public presentations is by the meant of focused on the scrutiny and assignment classs of the pupils.Positive impact of Facebook use on academic public presentationsThe impact normally depends on the different utilizations and satisfaction on Facebook among the college pupils. Social networking sites like Facebook are extremely based on the single utilizations and it has the po ssible to increase the pupil effectivity in academic ( Brady & A Smith, 2010 ) . Pasek ( 2009 ) argued that there is no cogent evidence that Facebook use is impacting the academic public presentations of the third instruction pupils. Hoffman ( 2009 ) explains that the positive properties of Facebook are able to sharpen the acquisition environment of the pupils, every bit good as conveying motive to persons.Junco ( 2011 ) identified the same statement that Facebook contribute to the positive impact of academic public presentation. Facebook served as a platform or forum for the college pupils to portion, discuss, and update information that is related to their academic undertaking. Brady ( 2010 ) explains that interchanging information through Facebook is extremely effectual comparison to face-face communicating. The societal networking site like Facebook, Youtube and Twitter are able to convey positive resultant role on cognitive and societal accomplishments. Mahadi & A Ubadidull a ( 2012 ) found that it can heighten the linguistic communication of the pupils in the procedure of societal interaction and feedback.Negative impact of Facebook use on academic public presentationsHowever, several surveies have found a negative relationship between Facebook use and pupil s academic public presentations. Exposure to Facebook hold the inclination to convey overall negative consequence on pupils academic public presentations ( Park et al. , 2009 ) . Harmonizing to Boogart ( 2004 ) and Kirschner & A Duberstein ( 2009 ) highlight that Facebook is able to convey negative deductions such as lowered GPAs when it comes to heavy use. Facebook is able to do distraction consequence to an person. It is able to deflect the pupils to see Facebook profiles when they are making their work. In fact, pupils might travel on-line to look for assignment information and stop up interacting on Facebook ( Rouis, 2012 ) . As a consequence, pupils bulge to see degraded on their academic public presentations.As effects, Facebook use may endanger the pupils academic public presentation. Harmonizing to Ohio State University ( 2009 ) argued that there is a relationship exists between Facebook use and academic public presentation. The survey shows that those pupils that used Facebook often tend to hold the lower Grade Point median(a) ( GPA ) than those who seldom use Facebook. It is because most of the heavy Facebook user frequently holding line of products on the clip direction on their survey comparison with the light Facebook user. Madge et Al. ( 2009 ) came to the decision Facebook for societal intents are able to reverse the clip to academic survey by sing as possible negative consequence to the pupils.In fact, Roblyer et Al. ( 2010 ) challenges Facebook function as an educational tool which the survey found out that Facebook usage among module and pupils for instructional intents is check and that popular in academic universe. Furthermore, Hargittai ( 2010 ) has done the survey on negative impact of Facebook use toward pupils academic public presentation. Research shows Facebook will do pupils to lost their involvement and concentration on their prep or assignment. As a effect, its end up with undone or low quality of work. In add-on, Jackson ( 2008 ) explains that negative impact on academic public presentation besides affect by intervention by Facebook utilizations like multitasking. Students are unable to execute expeditiously on multitasking even non count how good they are. The survey besides shows that authorised consequences which pupils like to apply Facebook for chew the fating and bet oning the same clip when making assignments. Jacobsen and Forste ( 2011 ) described that Facebook as portion of electronic media is negatively associated with academic classs. The Facebook is able distract pupils on utilizing handphone, laptop in category or while making academic undertaking.Percept of pupils towards Facebook useIn the old sur veies, there major two types of consequences shows on college pupil s position toward Facebook use on academic public presentation. Students perceived self economy and clip direction accomplishments are of import facets to protect them from Facebook dependence ( Rouis, 2012 ) . Helou & A Rahim ( 2011 ) found that absolute majority of the pupils position that Facebook have positive impact on their academic public presentations even they are reported that the intents of engaged in Facebook are socialisation instead than academic intents. Harmonizing to Gewertz ( 2007 ) , the survey Facebook use on pupil s position is effectual larning tool. It is able to better the interaction between lector and pupils. Therefore, Facebook has peculiar become an effectual tools for college pupils when semen to the job in their assignments. Brady et Al. ( 2010 ) portion the similar findings on the pupil perceptual experience on the impact of Facebook. absolute majority of the pupils are reported t o hold Facebook as their e-learning in their classs alternatively of face to confront communicating.DecisionThis reappraisal reflected up the research inquiry The perceptual experience of Malayan College Students when comes to their Facebook use and academic public presentations. Facebook as a new phenomenon in the society has gain popularity specific among the younger coevals like pupils. Previous surveies have indicated positive and negative result of Facebook. In positive position, Facebook has been view as an of import educational tool to better pupil public presentations, while in the negative position, Facebook is by and large found to be negatively affected pupil classs. However, we assumed that although Facebook has been described as able to convey negative consequence on academic public presentations, the pupils will still comprehend Facebook as non impacting on their academic public presentations. Therefore, to to the full understand the impact of Facebook use towards pu pils academic public presentations, it is of import to carry on a research survey in position that based on the pupils itself.Chapter 3 MethodologyChapter 3 Methodology3.1 IntroductionThe conceptual model was constructed based on the countries of treatment on the literature reviewed and that will lend to the undermentioned chapter of this survey. Therefore, this chapter will show the research order acting and scheme that used to roll up the information in this survey. The chapter starts by explicating the master survey, trying method, and research design. The concluding subdivision of this chapter will reason the research process in roll uping the information in this survey.3.2 cowcatcher StudyPilot survey has conducted in Tunku Abdul Rahman College Penang Branch Campus. The putzs have been assigned to 20 possible respondents. The information amass was used to minimise and analyse the errors in the survey. However, informations collected will non be included as the research d etermination. Through the pilot survey, one extra inquiry has been suggested by the respondent and therefore it has been added to the questionnaire. Some of the inquiries have been reconstructed to more comprehensive in term of grammar and linguistic communication. Correction has been made in the reply by supplying more options to the future respondents of this study.3.3 Capable and ParticipantsThe questionnaires studies were conductd to 160 respondents and entire 153 return with valid responses. image 4.2.1 summarizes the demographic profiles of the respondents. The respondents were 54 males and 96 womanishs. All the respondents were undergraduate pupils runing between 18 and above 25 old ages old. Despite of the diverseness of ethnicity, sight of the respondents are Chinese and most of them are Diploma holder.3.4 Sampling methodThe population for this survey was Malayan college pupils. The sample was determined by nonrandom sampling method. A sum of 160 trying size were ident ified in this survey from 3 different establishments. Respondent must be a Facebook user was used as the basic standards of the purposive sampling method in this survey. To guarantee the quality of the informations collected, the respondents will be ask in verbally whether they have ain Facebook history before carry oning the study. Respondents will be informed that the informations collected is purely confidential and merely for academic intents. The information such as name, reference and contact figure will non be included in the study in order to protect the respondents privateness.To detect the information sing the perceptual experience of the Malaysian college pupils, the establishments were narrowed to the college pupils in private establishments in Penang. The establishments were determined from the list of the best private college in Penang province accorded to Malaysian Quality Evaluation System ( 2011 ) . The list was obtained by out of 26 private colleges in Penang, th e samples will be categorize into 5, 4 and 3 stars in term of overall consequence based tonss and the study will be carried out merely in trinity colleges. The chosen colleges are KDU Penang College, Han Chiang College and Equator honorary society of Art as 5, 4 and 3 starts severally. The ground to choose these 3 colleges is to happen out the different position of the pupils in different evaluation degree of colleges.3.5 Research DesignIn this subdivision, the research design is reviewed and discussed in inside informations. The survey was to look into on the perceptual experience of Malayan College Students toward the Facebook use on their academic public presentation. In order to accomplish the research aim, quantitative research has been chosen as the method to roll up the information. The ground is because quantitative research is utile when used to quantify sentiments, attitudes and behaviours and happen out how the whole population feels about a certain issue ( Suphat Sukam olson, 2002 ) . Harmonizing to Creswell ( 1994 ) , quantitative research is basically in explicating a phenomenon by roll uping numerical informations that are analyzed utilizing mathematically based methods. Therefore, to obtaining the perceptual experience and besides the consciousness on the Facebook use and academic public presentations, quantitative research is prove to be more suited. In this research survey, questionnaire study is used as the instrument to roll up the information.The questionnaires study was designed to analyze 3 major countries of ratings consciousness of Facebook use, perceptual experience of Facebook use, and perceived effects on overall academic public presentations ( Appendix B ) . The respondents will have a standardised and unchanging set of questionnaires ( Appendix B ) that consists of 15 inquiries. demographics informations such as age, gender, line of achievement and instruction degree were collected. Then the inquiries will travel on to one of t he research nonsubjective inquiries to happen out the consciousness toward their Facebook use. The manner to appraise the consciousness of Facebook use is through the respondent s cognition and degree of battle in the Facebook. 5 inquiries constructed in this subdivision such as clip spent on the Facebook daily, intent of utilizing Facebook, location and the channel that normally logon to Facebook. These inquiries included multiple picks responses the combination of 1 inquiry which the respondents can take more than an option.The concluding subdivision of the questionnaire study focused on the perceptual experiences of the respondent towards Facebook use on their academic public presentations. The inquiries were designed to turn to on the degree of attitudes towards the certain statements. The sample steps for the construct including employ Facebook affect my day-to-day modus operandi.victimization Facebook impact my scrutiny consequence. development Facebook affect my college assi gnment.Using Facebook impact my category engagement.Using Facebook impact my attending in category.These inquiries drawn a line which the respondents are inevitable to rate in footings of the grade to which it reflects their attitude towards the statement. Likert Scale evaluation system has been used to quantify construct of the perceptual experience towards Facebook use on their academic public presentations. For case, 5-point categorical graduated table that ranged from strongly differ to strongly hold was used to measure the degree of strength on the statement.3.6 Research ProcedureThe first informations assemblage was implemented get downing 18 November 2012 began at the Equator Academy of Art and traveling on to KDU College and Han Chiang College. It was noted the study was conducted inside the campus of Han Chiang College and chief gate for the other two colleges. Questionnaires studies were distributed to 160 respondents. In order word, a sum of 53 questionnaires have be en distributed in each college. However, merely cl respondents reply will be chosen to bring forth better quality and valid consequences. The intent is to extinguish those failed to react or did non reply wholly in the conducted study.As indicated in the old sampling method, the respondents had been asked verbally whether they have Facebook history. Then we will merely continue on distribute the questionnaires to the respondents. In the procedure of informations aggregation, accounts will be given to the respondents that have job on replying the questionnaires. Finally, each respondent took about 5 proceedingss to complete the questionnaire.In Equator Academy of Art, we started to administer a sum of 53 questionnaires to the college pupils. Finally, the response rate was 100 % . In KDU College, the questionnaires were conducted which 48 out of 54 respondents completed the questionnaire study. Last in Han Chiang College, 52 out of 54 questionnaires have been received in to the full answered respond. Therefore, the overall response rate for the study was 95 % and 153 out of 160 respondents to the full completed the questionnaire study.However, some challenges and jobs have been faced in the survey. The attitude of the respondent is one of the chief jobs faced in the informations aggregation procedure. Some of the respondents are unable to finish the questionnaire by go forthing space in certain inquiries. There are besides some mistake happened when the respondents tick more than one replies in the inquiry which the direction does non required to make so.3.7 DecisionAs a decision in this chapter, the survey was conducted at 3 private colleges Equator of Art and Academy, Hanchiang College and KDU College in Penang province. Quantitative research questionnaire study was used to roll up the information from the college pupils. The sampling is determined by utilizing purposive sampling method. Consequences that obtained will be farther discuss and analysis in foll owing chapter.Chapter 4 Finding & A AnalysisChapter 4 Finding & A Analysis4.1 IntroductionThis survey sought to look into the perceptual experience of Malayan College Students towards Facebook use on their academic public presentation utilizing the quantitative research method. The instrument of questionnaires study has been used to roll up the information in threesome different instruction establishments. Datas were collected in the undermentioned country Demographic profile, Awareness of Facebook Usage and Perception of Facebook use affect on academic public presentations4.2 Demographic visiblenessThis subdivision provides the information sing the demographic profile of the study respondents. Four inquiries are asked on the instrument included degree of instruction, race, age and gender. The information presented on the Figure 4.1 is the combination consequences of the respondents in 3 different colleges.Degree of instructionPercentageCertificate20 %Diploma65 %Bachelor Degree1 5 %Others0 %RacePercentageMalay5 %Chinese71 %Indian21 %Others3 %AgePercentage1820 %1913 %2040 %Above 2127 %GenderPercentageMale36 %Female64 %Figure 4.2.1 Demographic ProfileThe tabular array above shows the demographic profile on degree of instruction. volume 65 % respondents are Diploma holder, while 20 % and 15 % of the respondents are Certificate and Bachelor Degree holder severally.The 2nd subdivision of the tabular array above shows the demographic profile on the races. Majority 71 % of the respondents are Chinese, while 21 % are Indian. The consequence besides indicated that 5 % and 3 % of the respondents are Malay and Sikh severally.The undermentioned subdivision of the tabular array above shows the demographic profile on the age. Majority 40 % respondents are 20 old ages old and 27 % respondents are above 21 old ages old. The consequence besides included 20 % and 13 % of the respondents belongs to 18 and 19 old ages old.The concluding subdivision of the tabular array shows the demographic profile on the gender. 64 % of the entire respondents are female while the remainder 36 % are male.4.3 Awareness of Facebook UsageThis subdivision will show the consequences of Awareness of Facebook use of the respondents. All respondents were asked five inquiries sing their use on Facebook. Figure 4.2 Figure 4.6 shows the consequences from these series of inquiries.Figure 4.3.1 relative frequency of log on to FacebookThe legal community chart above shows that hatful 84 % respondents log on to Facebook daily. 11 % of the respondents logon to Facebook 1-3 times per hebdomad. The consequences besides indicated minority of respondents which merely 4 % of them log on to Facebook 1-3 times per hebdomad. However, merely 1 % of the respondents authorise under assorted because failed to supply the complete reply.Figure 4.3.2 Location of log on to FacebookThe saloon chart above shows that quite a little 73.30 % respondents normally log on to Facebook in their place. 11. 33 % and 10.60 % of respondents normally logon to Facebook at inn and college severally. The consequence besides shows that merely 4 % of the respondents log on to Facebook in public topographical points. However, 0.66 % of the respondents communicate under assorted because failed to follow the direction of the inquiry.Figure 4.3.3 crinkle used to log on to FacebookThe saloon chart above shows that bulk 40 % respondents normally log on to Facebook utilizing the computing machine. The consequences indicated that computing machine is the chief channel for pupils to log on to Facebook. 29.33 % and 24 % log on to Facebook through handphone and tabular arraies severally. However, merely 6.66 % of respondents used laptop to logon to Facebook.Figure 4.3.4 Daily Time Spent on FacebookThe saloon chart above shows that bulk 40 % respondents spend 1-3 hours on Facebook daily. 17.33 % and 13.33 % of the respondents spend more than 6 hours and less than 1 hr on Facebook severally. The consequ ences besides indicated that 9.33 % of respondents spend 4-6 hours on Facebook daily and 20 % of them are non certain about their day-to-day clip spent on Facebook.Figure 4.3.5 The intents of utilizing FacebookThe inquiry allowed the respondents to take more than one reply. Therefore, the saloon chart above shows the bulk respondents used Facebook for amusement and socialisation intents which are 34.72 % and 34.02 % severally. The consequences besides indicated that 24.31 % of the respondents use Facebook to seek for information and 4.17 % used it as recreation. However, 2.77 % of the respondents fall under assorted because failed to follow the direction of the inquiry.4.4 Percept of Facebook use affect on academic public presentationsThis subdivision of the instrument begins to analyze the respondents perceptual experience of Facebook use on their academic public presentations. Respondent were asked to turn to on the degree of attitudes towards the certain statements. The measurin g of the responses is based on the Likert Scale Rating System.IntensityStatementStrongly holdAgreeImpersonalDis bearStrongly differa ) Using Facebook affect my day-to-day modus operandi24 % ( 36 )27 % ( 40 )27 % ( 40 )13 % ( 20 )9 % ( 14 )B ) Using Facebook impact my scrutiny consequence11 %( 16 )13 %( 20 )36 %( 54 )29 %( 44 )11 %( 16 )degree Celsius ) Using Facebook affect my college assignment20 %( 30 )16 %( 24 )29 %( 44 )29 %( 44 )6 %( 8 )vitamin D ) Using Facebook impact my category engagement7 %( 10 )7 %( 10 )28 %( 42 )33 %( 50 )25 %( 38 )vitamin E ) Using Facebook impact my attending in category10 %( 15 )6 %( 9 )29 %( 44 )38 %( 56 )17 %( 26 )Figure 4.4.1 Responses to the inquiry on the perceptual experiences towards Facebook use on their academic public presentations rated with a 5 different strength on Likert graduated table evaluation systemThe figure above shows that 24 % of the respondents strongly agree with the statement Using Facebook impact my day-to-day modus operand i . 27 % of them agree with the statement, 27 % of them indicated impersonal to the statement, while 13 % of them protest with the statement and the remainder 9 % of them strongly dissent with the statement.The 2nd figure shows that 11 % of the respondents strongly agree with the statement Using Facebook affect my scrutiny consequence . 13 % of them agree with the statement, 36 % of them indicated impersonal to the statement, while 29 % of them disagree with the statement and the remainder 11 % of them strongly disagree with the statement.The 3rd figure shows that 20 % of the respondents strongly agree with the statement Using Facebook affect my college assignment . 16 % of them agree with the statement, 29 % of them indicated impersonal to the statement, while 29 % of them disagree with the statement and the remainder 6 % of them strongly disagree with the statement.The undermentioned figure shows that merely 7 % of the respondents strongly agree with the statement Using fa cebook impact my category engagement . 7 % of them besides agree with the statement, 28 % of them indicate impersonal to the statement, while 33 % of them disagree with the statement and the remainder 25 % of them strongly disagree with the statement.The last figure shows that 10 % of the respondents strongly agree with the statement Using Facebook affect my attending in category . Merely 6 % agree with the statement, 29 % of them indicate impersonal to the statement, while 38 % of them disagree with the statement and the remainder 17 % of them strongly disagree with the statement.Figure 4.4.2 Percept of Facebook will impact their overall academic public presentationThe saloon chart above shows that bulk 65.33 % respondents perceived Facebook will non impact their overall academic public presentation. The respondents perceived themselves have good clip direction accomplishments and they are non addicted to Facebook However, merely 34.66 % of respondents perceived Facebook will im pact their overall academic public presentation. The respondents perceived Facebook will deflect them from making their academic undertakings.Chapter 5 Discussion & A ConclusionChapter 5 Discussion & A Conclusion5.1 Summary of surveyThis survey was conducted at three instruction establishments throughout the Penang provinces. As Facebook has become a new phenomenon that had important impact to the life of the college pupils. As pupils use of the Facebook are increasing, so it is of import for the survey to understand on the impact of Facebook use on college pupils. Finally, non much research has been done on researching on the perceptual experience of the beginnings itself which are the pupils on these issues. Therefore, this survey aims to look into the perceptual experience of Malayan College Students towards Facebook use on their academic public presentation.Therefore, one of the cardinal facets of this survey is to set off the college pupils use on Facebook. The bulk of the pupils log on to the Facebook daily with over 73.30 % of them accesses it from their place. It was besides indicated that, pupils spent up to 1 to 3 hours per twenty-four hours. The bulk of the pupils accesses to Facebook utilizing the computing machine and laptop as it is besides been consider as nomadic personal computing machine. As expected, the pupils uses Facebook are for amusement and socialisation intents.The perceptual experiences of the pupils are explored on the Facebook use on their academic public presentations. Students besides indicated understanding on Facebook use will impact on their day-to-day modus operandi. However, the undermentioned responses remain either with impersonal response or being to differ with the statement that Facebook use will impact their academic public presentations. Therefore, it is clearly that most of the pupils perceived that Facebook use will non impact their scrutiny consequences. The perceptual experience of pupils besides noted that Fa cebook will non impact their overall academic undertaking public presentations included college assignment, category engagement and attending in the category. The ground is because bulk of the pupils perceived themselves have a good clip direction accomplishments. They are able to apportion their clip wisely between Facebook and academic undertaking every bit good as being addicted to Facebook.5.2 DiscussionAs noted in Chapter 2 Literature Review, exposure to Facebook hold the inclination to convey overall negative consequence on pupils academic public presentations. This survey has applied utilizations and satisfaction theory to explicate the progressively popularity of Facebook among college pupils. It is note Facebook has been used as tools to carry through college pupil s societal and amusement demands. As a consequence, pupils appear to see negative impact on their academic public presentations. Regardless, heavy use of Facebook tends to do for lower pupil s scrutinies classs. Facebook is able to do distraction consequence on their academic undertaking specific on those pupils that extremely engage in this societal platform. In this context, pupils appear to utilize Facebook for amusement and socialisation intents. The consequences besides display that bulk college pupils are more likely to pass 1 to 3 hr per twenty-four hours on Facebook. This may besides related to the fact that norm of the college pupils spent up to 8 hours per twenty-four hours on Facebook.Therefore, the current survey therefore provides the perceptual experience of Malayan college pupils toward Facebook use on their academic public presentations. maunder the initial use of the pupils in this platform, this survey noted that Facebook has been perceived that it will non do negative impact to their academic public presentations. Although Facebook has been indentify as the tools for amusement and socialisation, self ordinance such as good clip direction is able prevent pupils from Face book dependence. Therefore, pupils are able to apportion their clip sagely apportion their clip on Facebook. The current survey consequences besides present that pupils are non the heavy users of Facebook. Therefore, it might be one of the possible deductions that Facebook uses are non the chief ground that will impact on their academic public presentations. Student have besides been reported that they normally log on to Facebook at their place alternatively of college. College pupils are more likely to less on-line to Facebook during the category. This indicated that, Facebook use has been perceived that will non impact their engagement and attending during the category.5.3 DecisionThis survey presents the perceptual experience of college pupils on Facebook use toward their academic public presentations. In fact, battle on Facebook has been measured as the variables of finding the consciousness of Facebook use. The theoretical model suggested that long clip spent on Facebook will n egatively impact pupil s academic public presentations. As a decision, the survey premises provide noteworthy consequences in Malayan context. Despite Facebook has been described as a possible negative consequence on pupil overall academic public presentations, in pupils perceptual experience, Facebook will non convey any negative consequence to their overall academic public presentations. Based on the consequences, self ordinances such as good clip direction accomplishment has been viewed as the bar for this result.5.4 Limitation of surveyThis subdivision sought to name out the restriction exists in this survey. First, this survey is limited to pupils in merely three colleges. Due to clip and resources restraints, the survey can merely be conducted in the limited country. In fact, there are some demographics that become of import consideration when researching the perceptual experience of college pupils in this three instruction establishments. The bulk of the respondents are the Chinese and female populations.In add-on, the survey is besides limited to the figure of responses of the pupils. Merely a sum of 160 questionnaires have been distributed to the respondents due to the clip restraints. The larger samples are required to be sufficiently stand foring the result of the whole population. Therefore, it is indefensible to confidently generalise these consequences to users with different demographic or cultural contexts.5.5 prompt for future researchIn responses to the restriction above, the country of research should research more specifically on with Facebook impact of Malaysia college pupils. The research is able to carry on in larger population trying in the hereafter. In add-on to that, future survey may besides prove on the perceptual experience of the general populace on Facebook use. More or less, the research country have to be conducted in larger country included the different demographic position. Furthermore, comparative survey between Malaysi an college pupils and other civilization context can be conducted to measure the relationship of Facebook use and academic public presentations. Last, qualitative research can be conduct in order to obtain a more in-depth apprehension on the Facebook use of the college pupils.

Marketing Mix AB Bank Limited

Compensation System of an industrial enterprise in Bangladesh A case study of AB pious platitude Limited. 1. Historical Background of AB trust AB margin Limited, the first private sector brim under joint venture with Dubai entrust Limited. UAE incorporated in Bangladesh on 31st December 1981 & started its operation with effect from April 12, 1982.Dubai situate Limited ( anticipate by and by changed to Union Bank of the Middle east Limited) decided to off-load their investment in AB Bank Limited with a view to concentrate their activities in the UAE in early part of 1987 & in teams of Articles 23 A & 23B of the Articles of tie beam of the company & with the necessary approval of the relevant authorities, the shargons held by them in the Bank were sold & transferred to Group A Shareholders, i. e.Bangladesh Sponsor Shareholders. As of December 31, 2006 the trustworthy capital & the equity (paid up capital & reserve) of the bank are BDT 2000 cardinal & BDT 2582. 76 million resp ectively. The sponsor-shareholder holds 50% of the share capital the General humans Shareholders hold 49. 43% & the rest 0. 57% shares are held by the organisation of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh. However, on individual sponsor shareholder of more past 10% of its total shares.Since beginning, the bank acquired confidence & trust of the public & seam houses by rendering high quality services in assorted areas of banking operations, professional competence & employment of state of art technology. During the last 27 years, AB Bank Limited has opened 73 Branches in contrary Business centers of the country, one foreign Branch in Mumbai, India, two Representatives officeholder in London & Yangon, Myanmar respectively & also established a entirely owned subsidiary finance. Company in Hong Kong in the name of AB Bank International Finance Limited.To facilitate cross border plow & payment related services, the Bank has correspondent relationship with over 220 transnational ba nks of repute across 58 countries of world. 1. 2 Corporate Slogan Of AB Bank Ltd. First Of Many Firsts 1. 3Vision To be the trendsetter for innovative banking with excellence & nonpareil 1. 4 Mission To be the best per piddleing bank in the country 1. 5 Change Of Name Arab Bangladesh Bank Limited changed its name to AB Bank Limited(ABBL) with effect from 14 November 2007 vide Bangladesh Bank BRPD circular letter no. 10 dated 22 November 2007. Prior to that shareholders of the bank authorise the change of name in the Extra-Ordinary General Meeting held on 4 September 2007. 1. 6 Birth Of the Logo The coat of arms of the late logo is inspired by traditional Shital pati or Sleeping sweep up. The knit and the pattern of interlace in the new logo that echoes the manifold weave of Shital pati symbolizes bonding. This bonding reflects the new spirit of AB Bank. 1. 7 overlap and do of AB Bank The product and services of AB Bank are exposing the table Product Services Retail Banking Locker Service Corporate Banking Internet Banking SME Banking SMS Banking Deposits Rate New Cheque Book bills Transfer Lost ChequeBook Islami Banking Lost Credit/Debit lineup AB Securities Limited Fund Transfer Cards Account porta SME Banking Address Change Loan Syndication Signature Change NRB Banking Account closure Project Finance 1. 8 Organ Gram Of AB Bank Limited 1. 9 Corporate Information at a survey Name Of the BankAB Bank Of Bangladesh Limited Status unrestricted Limited Company Date Of Incorporation31 december 1981 arising of the Jubilee Road Branch 26th July , 1994. Head Office, BCIC Bhaban, 30-31, Dilkusha Commercial Area, Dhaka enrolment No C281461 (1992)/95 Chairman Mr. M. Wahidul Haque Vice chairman Salim AhmedPresident & Managing theatre director Fazlur Rahman real Capital TK. 800 Million Director11 Number Of Employees3342 1. 10 stipend Structure of AB Bank Bangladesh Limited The net profit structure of AB Bank mention to the stage of employee . Now describe the allowance of AB Bank bangladesh limited Basic Pay Basic pay is the resolution compensation which paid to the employee in depends on job responsibilities. House payment AB Bank supplys 40 to 50 percent house pay and it depends on the level of employees position. Medical Allowance AB Bank provide medical allowance for every employees. Lunch AB Bank bring home the bacon the Lunch for employees 20 to 35 minute.Education AB Bank provide education for employees childrens who are bright result in school collage and University. train Hours AB Bank are houner training hours. Utility Allowance AB Bank are provide the utility allowance for an employees. pay for fourth dimension not at work of AB Bank Sick Lecve when an employee bead in sick for that reason an employee does not work that measure AB Bank are granted the leave without panishment. Holidays holidays are included his salary for that reason an employee get 100% salary. Casual intrust An employee can po sit a casual leave 8 days in a year but not hampered in his salary. Emergency Leave AB Bank are pay the salary when anybody die in employees family.Earn Leave When an employees performance is very well that time bank authority are given reword by the leave that time AB Bank are paid the full salary. Other Leave The AB Bank are declear different kinds of leave that time pay the full salary. pregnancy Leave it only for pregnent women are take a leave that time moth off with pay. Non Financial compensation of AB Bank non financial compensation means incentives that are provided to employees by AB Bank in the form of indirect pay. Chairman Vice Chairman Board of Director Managing Director & President SEVP SEVP SEVP SEVP EVP EVP EVP EVP SVP SVP SVP SVP VP VP VP VP SAVP SAVP SAVP SAVP AVP AVP AVP AVP SPO SPO SPO SPO PO PO PO PO SO SO SO SO OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER OFFICER

Chemistry Bonding Notes and Lewis Dot Structures

CChemistry Exam 2 Study Guide (10/07/12) I. stinging a. noggin Bonding i. Electrons are transferred ii. Ions are held together by electrostatic consequence b. Covalent Bonding iii. Electrons are nearlyhow shared out iv. Electrons are attracted to nuclei (shared) II. electr igativity c. The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself d. Measured on Pauling Scale e. Most electro prohibit Fluorine. Then Oxygen. f. Depending on electronegativity of X and Y, there are 3 possibilities v. X and Y have identical electronegativities (Non Polar) vi.X and Y have dissimilar electronegativities (Polar)- Y is reasonably negative has greater control than slightly positive X vii. X and Y have very different electronegativities ( loft)- Y is negative has exuberant control g. Polar Covalent viii. Size depends on electronegative struggle ix. Arrow points to where electrons are dragged to x. Dipole Moment measured in Debyes (D) 1. Dipole Momenti = Q*r xi. Possesses so me dome character 2. The bigger the difference a. The more diametrical the link b. The bigger the dipole c. The more ionic in character III.Electron abidance for Ions h. Atom forms an ion with electron configuration of the c sufferst noble turgidity xii. full-strength for representative S and P block xiii. Atom will lose up to three or gain up to three electrons 3. For D-block elements d. outer(a) S electrons lost in the lead outer D electrons 4. For P-block elements e. Outer P lost before the outer S electrons, which are lost before outer D IV. Ionic Radii i. Size descriptions based on luff xiv. Positive ions are always smaller than the parent atom xv. prohibit ions are always larger than the parent atom j.Periodic trend xvi. Ionic radii increase within a column going from top to fag xvii. Ionic radii decrease within a row going from leftfield to right V. Isoelectronic Ions k. Have the same number of electrons l. Radius decreases as nuclear number increases VI. Compounds m. Ionic xviii. High Melting buck and stewing Point (brittle solids) xix. meltable in polar solvents like water xx. Insoluble in nonpolar solvents like Hexane xxi. Metal and Nonmetal xxii. Any compound that conducts galvanising current when melted n. Covalent xiii. Low Melting Point and Boiling Point (solid/liquid/gas) xxiv. Insoluble in polar solvents (exception Sugar ) xxv. Soluble in nonpolar solvents xxvi. Nonmetal and Nonmetal o. Crystals xxvii. All group 1 Alkali metals and Group 7 Halogens make crystals xxviii. Sublimation solid to a gas VII. Lattice Energy p. Measure of how strongly ions interact together (compares sizes of ions) xxix. heat content of formation of the ionic compound from gaseous ions and as such is perpetually exothermic xxx. he efficacy required to completely separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ionic constituents q. Goes to closer energy (emits energy as heat)- always more negative number r. (+) = endothermic (absorbing energy) s. (-) = exothermic (releasing energy) t. Energy is released xxxi. =K(Q1Q2)/(r) xxxii. Large for small r (average distance between ions)- higher boiling point, more stable, difficult to separate, but still fragile xxxiii. Large Q- highly charged xxxiv. Lattice energy goes down in same group VIII.Bond nightclub u. Triple Bond (as bond energy increases, bond length decreases ) xxxv. Highest Bond Order xxxvi. Strongest xxxvii. Shortest v. doubly Bond w. Single Bond xxxviii. Weakest xxxix. Longest xl. Lowest Bond Order IX. Resonance x. More than one Lewis Dot Structure can be drawn for the same arrangement (skeleton) of atoms. Only the bonds differ y. True construction is a hybrid or blend of possible resonance structures z. non double or single bonds, but all bonds with order 1. 3333 . shamble of electrons . Formal Charge li. Look at one atom at a time (sum of Formal Charge must add up to over all charge of structure) xlii. ( of valance e- on free atom) ( of a lonely(prenominal) (predicate) pair e-) + ( of bonds) X. Octet Rule Violators . Always OBEY the octet endure B, C, O, N, and F. . 5 EXCEPTIONS we should know xliii. ________________________ . Radical- odd number of electrons . Biradical- EVEN number of electrons has cardinal UNPAIRED electrons (O2) . Groups 5-8 (3rd row and lower can have more than 8 valance) XI. VSEPR Theory . Valance Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Bonds and lone pairs repel (more lone pairs= squeezed) . Determines the likely shape of a molecule . Does not describe how the bonding occurs . Steps xliv. Draw Lewis Dot Structure xlv. determine RHED (Region of High Electron Density) xlvi. Predict electronic geometry (arrangement of RHED) xlvii. Determine molecular geometry xlviii. are bonds polar? xlix. Is the molecule polar? . If dipoles cancel out (the same), it is non polar . Doesnt matter about net dipole direction, it will be polar . Pairs of diploes not arranged to cancel (different sizes)